Documents found
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91.More information
Social Work in France is organized around two main functions: assistance and protection; and specialized education and rehabilitation. The latter is assured by special educators, monitors, medical and pedagogical aides (aroun 175 000 posts). The main fields of intervention are the "mentally and socially handicapped".The author retraces the social history of the constitution of the profession of special education, which finds itself constrained by the dialectic of equipment and specialized personnel, and obliged to seek a new image of itself to guarantee its social existence and its future.
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92.More information
This study of post-secondary information training in France started with the analysis of data taken from a directory of training programs carried out in 114 institutions. Even if it is not exhaustive, this directory, which was designed to facilitate contacts and exchanges among teachers, presents a typology of teaching representative of all work carried out today in universities and engineering and management schools. In light of additional information gathered through interviews with some teachers, as part of a study called for by the ministère de la Recherche, the various developments were discussed and suggestions were given on how teaching might be made more effective.
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94.More information
With the end of the Cold War and the emergence of global ecological problems, two new social movements - the green movement and the peace movement - converge in their efforts to link the issues of global security, redeployment of military expenditures, and sustainable development. This last concept concerns not only environmental protection and economic development, but also a more socio-political and cultural dimension relating to democracy, disarmament, and equity between generations, between North and South, between men and women, between rich and poor... The analysis of the integration of these three themes illustrates the different facets of the political, economic, social and ethical issues in question.
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95.More information
ABSTRACTWe present a small size dynamic macroeconomic model, numerically calibrated on quarterly French data, describing an economy working under imperfect competition on both labour and goods markets. The labour market exhibits a persistence effect relying on the insider-outsider theory. The closure of the model is obtained by household consumption (permanent income), by public spendings and by foreign trade. The long run properties of the model and the conditions for a unique rational expectations path in the neighbourhood of the steady state are successively analysed before computing and interpreting the dynamic multipliers associated with non anticipated transitory shocks.
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96.
La parole de l'État. À propos de la crise sociale qui a paralysé la France en novembre-décembre 1995
More informationAbstractThis article analyses the French social movement which opposed Juppé's social security and national railway (SNCF) reforms during the last month of 1995. This essay suggests that this crisis originated in the convergence of three breaches of government promises which despite having occurred at différent times were highlighted by Juppé's reforms: first are the Présidents électoral promises, still fresh in the memory of the people, which contradicted the reforms; second were the commitments regarding public pension liabilities which were unilaterally denounced without any compensation; and third were the Socialist government's assurances that the austerity measures undertaken since 1983, based on the strategy of competitive inflation, would result in prosperity for wage-earners.
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97.More information
SummaryBecause it constitutes the archetype of an innovation now taking place and because its extension to risk factors in the principal adult pathologies does not as yet follow any clear trajectory, medical genetics is an object of research particularly appropriate for a social sciences approach seeking to go beyond the mechanistic dialectics of supply and demand provided by traditional economic and sociological models. Dealing more specifically with the emergence of genetic consultations in cancerology, this paper is centered on four main areas in which different configurations of actors are likely to appear, still mostly undetermined but which would seem to have a decisive role in the future and the degree of development of this activity. The first is the type of links between clinical activity in oncogenetics and "fundamental" biological research, the second is the frontier between an activity which remains uncommon and the eventual "detection" on a much larger scale of genetic risk factors in the population, a frontier whose limits will directly depend on the possibility of interventions of a preventive nature. The third area relates to the modes of specialization in genetic oncology within the whole of already existing medical disciplines, and finally the last is the possible impact of "preventive medicine" on mechanisms of group insurance which now preside over the risk management of illness in France as in Canada.
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98.More information
Since 1960, the French African Policy has been based on a military, economic, and cultural cooperation. Behind the official goal, that of development aid, lie the French geopolitical priorities. Since general de Gaulle, the French diplomacy is obsessed by the international place of France in the World. The influence of France in Africa is an integral part of this. Therefore the cooperation between France and Africa is clientelist : the economic and financial aid provided by France is exchanged with the French privilege of an economic and political influence within the African states, which includes military support in situations of border conflict and even domestic « disorder ». This conception of the relationship between France and Africa has not really changed with the French presidents who have followed general de Gaulle. Consequently, the French government institutions of cooperation with Africa have been in the same situation since the sixties. The result is such a complex, obsolete and inefficient labyrinth that the real execution of French African policy is carried out in non-official political and business networks. A radical reform of this policy is now necessary, due to the new international context : the end of the Cold War, the French involvment in the European process, and the increasing dependance of Africa on the Bretton Woods institutions.