Documents found
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101.More information
The aim of this article is to describe and to understand the export process of small businesses and the structuration process of international activity of a small company. This work relies on an empirical investigation, case study, in a small business.
Keywords: PMI, Processus d'internationalisation, Modèles behavioristes, Dirigeant, Cohérence, Logiques industrielles et/ou sociales, Outil d'aide à la conception
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102.More information
This article provides an analysis of French producer services based on the annual statistical survey of INSEE. All firms of more than 20 employees are taken into account: the data is fairly representative of the French case. The method is a multidimensional cluster analysis in order to type the strategic profile of each firm. Two kinds of results are obtained:Profile analysis leads toward a better understanding of the sector than the traditional branch analysis.Strategic profiles focus on the specific features of producer service firms and show the existing differences between firms.
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103.More information
While the specific strategic and marketing issues of the SME have been treated in a large number of articles and papers, this has not been true, in Europe, of the financial aspects. The aim of this article, therefore, is to propose an overall theoretical framework, which makes it possible to identify and comprehend the specific financial aspects of the SME.
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104.More information
In this paper, we study the impact of different internal variables on the modernization of the production process in small manufacturing business, particularly in plastic, machine tools and sawmill industries.The results show that the modern firm is greater than the other, has a leader more scolarized and even with university diploma and technical formation, which importation and exportation are more important. But before all, the first variable is the good using of technological information, more specialized, coming from producers from industrial fairs, from technical journals and from public or private research centers.
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105.More information
This article considers the issue of social entrepreneurship, in particular organizational creation, based on an exploratory study carried out in the elderly home-care services sector. From the emergence of an enterprise plan to the creation of a productive project, the study questions the validity of the assertion, “enterprises with a difference,” by seeking to understand both the conditions for the creation of these forms of organizations and the process of how these productive projects are structured as entities organized for multiple purposes. The authors show both the richness and the diversity of the entrepreneurial processes that give rise to nonprofit organizations and propose an alternative vision of nonprofit entrepreneurs' “difference.”
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106.More information
Keywords: Insertion professionnelle des jeunes, Débat théorique, Analyse sociétale, Action publique, Renouveau conceptuel
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107.More information
Among the tools and processes that are used to inform decisions makers on the long-term challenges raised by energy transition, prospective studies are at the forefront. This paper investigates how energy forecasting exercises take into account lifestyle changes – that constitute fundamental components of societies' direct and indirect energy consumption. Thirteen French exercises are screened confirming that most foresight studies do not entirely consider lifestyle as a key factor. However part of recent exercises takes into consideration lifestyles as an emerging issue. Our literature review – completed by a monograph of five pioneer studies and research projects – initiates the thought about perspectives offered by lifestyle consideration in energy transition foresight exercises. Limitations associated with existing tools and models are also discussed in this paper.
Keywords: Consommation, énergie, changement climatique, prospective, modes de vie, transition, Energy, consumption, climate change, foresight, lifestyle, transition
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108.More information
Two conflicting coalitions would advocate opposite conceptions of river pollution in the French public space at the end of the 1950s. River fishermen would consider pollution as a crime and they would draw on biology to make these offenses visible. Engineers, urbanists and hygienists would, by contrast, perceive pollution as resulting from dearth of sewerage and sewage treatment, the cost of which they would try to reckon. Both mobilizations shaped the regulation of waste water discharge and the indicators used to evaluate the scope of river pollution– a problem never monitored at national level before. Three biologists crafted the biotic index so that the first inventory of river pollution included biological data. This indicator rests on categories which resulted from mutual enrolments between angling organizations and scientists.
Keywords: pollution, pêches, réglementation, indicateurs, indice biotique, pollution, fisheries, indicators, bylaws, biotic index
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109.More information
ABSTRACTThe starting point of this note is the difficulty to implement planning in the firm. In contrast to the traditional economic approach which focuses on incentives, the basic idea of the paper is to view complexity as the essence of the problem. In such case, planning and competition can no longer be separated because it becomes impossible to conceive of planning without a minimum of local flexibility. We must also accept that there can be no competition without a minimum of mutually accepted rules. We propose a framework which integrates these two notions by expressing in a formal way the idea of common knowledge. We explore its implication on the role of economists in business planning.
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110.More information
ABSTRACTWe describe in this paper the contract-based relation between a Water Agency and polluting industrials, for the financing of abatement plants. The Water Agency acts as a regulator with respect to industrials, by imposing a Pigouvian tax on effluent emissions and by subsidizing treatment equipments. One of the goals of this paper is to assess the benefit of using as an alternative regulatory instrument a personalized nonlinear tax. The abatement function of industrials is estimated, taking into account plant heterogeneity in terms of abatement variable cost. Estimated structural parameters form the basis of a simulation analysis of a virtual contract with a nonlinear emission tax, using the principal-agent paradigm as the theoretical framework. Performances of the virtual contract are compared to what is obtained by the Water Agency uniform tax policy.