Documents found
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161.More information
Since the end of the seventies, poverty has once again emerged as a political issue in France. This is due in part to the economic crisis which has had several long term social consequences thereby putting a strain on welfare institutions and make their job more difficult (unemployment, downgrading of job qualifications, salary freezes, and more generally, the crisis of the Welfare State). At the same time, social welfare professionals are confronted with new multifaceted dimensions of poverty which challenge traditional theories. Some social workers are trying to work out new approaches to the problems they face.
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162.More information
During a governmental mission to France in March of 1988 the author evaluated the effects of the status and professional practices of researchers on their work in the field of ‘social research'. This type of research is largely financed by sectorial ministeries and private associations formed under the provisions of the law of 1901. I examined the sociopolitical and scientific milieu of knowledge production in this field of study. Such research on social aspects of health, social problems and income security raises fundemental epistemological questions regarding its legitimacy, specificity, scientific validity, and applicability. A traditional theoretical orientation in social science research, lack of interest in funding this type of research at the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche scientifique) and scientific ministries, and the precarious status of young researchers all characterize this new field of study and also constrain its development. However a new momentum is under way, due to recent initiatives by the Mission de Recherche et d'Experimentation (MIRE), the Ministère des affaires sociales et de l'emploi, and to political lobbying by public bodies and private organizations with the goal of revitalizing social research aimed at finding concrete and innovative solutions to contemporary problems through the application of research.
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163.More information
Although, in these times it could be considered a good “marketing” strategy to discuss globalization, it is increasingly difficult to choose how to address it, given the abundance of literature that has been produced concerning this subject. In this paper, we do not seek to address economic globalization or the objective trends of globalization that occur in the economic sphere. Moreover, we do not analyze globalization as an external factor that can contribute to national economic development, nor as a hegemonic economic force preventing societal development. In other words, the term globalization, as used, is not a causal factor. Instead, this paper attempts to apprehend the relationship between globalization as a new space of social protest (a space of action, as well as an issue of discourses) in two countries : Canada and France. We observe that the fight for global justice is embedded in national contexts, each of which uniquely translates the global problematic. The role of the state is particularly central to an understanding of this variation. In the same way, globalization, as a space of debates and conflicts, affects the form of national social protest, modifying both its frame and scale.
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164.More information
Over the last twenty years, the globalization of the economy has led companies to develop extensive networks of suppliers and subcontractors. Since the 1990's, the globalization and the liberalization of economic activity have been gone hand in hand with the development of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) due to pressure from the different stakeholders. In the face of such evolutions, the firms'management has become more complex because of the combination of economic and social objectives. We study the CSR policies conducted by three companies in the furniture industry. From a qualitative study and a survey, this paper proposes to highlight the main factors of Socially Responsible Buying (SRB) Policies and the changes caused by these policies in these companies and their SME subcontactors. This research shows that type of subcontracting relation is a key factor to explain CSR strategies of the buyers. It also highlights what practices improve supplier performance.
Keywords: Politiques RSE dans les achats, Facteurs, Changements, Relations de sous-traitance, PME, Socially responsible buying (SRB) Policies, Factors, Changes, Subcontracting relations, SMEs, Políticas de RSE en las compras, Factores, Cambios, Relaciones de subcontratación, PyME
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165.More information
In 1964 France introduced a series of major changes in its management of water resources which can be of interest to other countries, provinces, or regions which are contemplating a similar reorganization. Traditional institutional arrangements in French water management are presented in this article and are followed by a discussion of the landmark "Water Law" of 1964. Two themes are chosen out of the many possible : (a) the consideration of water as an economic good and the resulting System of "payments" and (b) the regionalisation of the management System under the auspices of "Agences Financières de Bassin". The final section of the article presents several criticisms of the reorganization which has taken place and proposes a series of prognostications concerning future institutional evolution.
Keywords: France, gestion des eaux, régionalisation, agences financières de bassin, redevances, pollution, prélèvements, l'eau en tant que bien économique, réorganisation, institutions, structure des institutions, VIe Plan, France, water management, regionalisation, Agences Financieres de Bassin, payments for water, pollution, water extraction, water as an economic good, reorganization of institutions, institutional structure, 6th. Plan
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166.More information
This research allowed for a better understanding of the symptoms of school burnout, school stress and anxious school refusal in a comparative developmental perspective of 493 French adolescents attending school. An online questionnaire was developed and distributed to college and secondary school students. The results show a very high percentage of adolescents suffering. The young people most affected are secondary school students, and more particularly students in grades 13 and 11, with nearly three-quarters of them suffering from school burnout and/or exhibiting significant stress levels. These alarming results unfortunately corroborate those of numerous international studies.
Keywords: burnout scolaire, stress scolaire, refus scolaire anxieux, adolescents, approche développementale, Burnout, School stress, Anxious school refusal, Adolescents, Developmental approach, agotamiento escolar, estrés escolar, rechazo escolar con ansiedad, adolescentes, enfoque de desarrollo, schulischer Burnout, schulischer Stress, ängstliche Schulverweigerung, Jugendliche, Entwicklungsherangehensweise
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167.More information
In this article we explore the significance of the notion of “information governance” as well as methods related to UX Design (user experience design) to promote taking into consideration and integrating professional practices among actors at the heart of information systems and more precisely at the heart of electronic artifacts within an organization.
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168.More information
The “grey actions” concept is a managerial method that limits the theoretical and legal conditions of competition. It is apart from business intelligence concept because it links information and action. It is also based on specific resources. Is this practice able to provide with a competitive and sustainable advantage ? Refering the RBV theory, we confront the “grey actions” concept with the criteria of competitive ad-vantage. The study of five small and medium size firms, selected for their expertises in “grey actions” and the generated impact, leads us to conclude that this skill provides with a sustainable competitive advantage. However this conclusion should be finely qualified. Indeed the “longevity” criteria implies the maintenance of a business intelligence system as a way to observe the environment.
Keywords: Actions grises, Avantage concurrentiel, Intelligence économique, Ressources, Compétences, Compétence cardinale
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169.More information
This article highlights the link between founders and their business models. This research is based on comparison of 61 French DBFs and their 129 founders. It is in keeping with the resources' firm theory. Four distinct business models are identified : product supplier, services provider, technology platform and healthcare. The two first business models are differentiated from the two others in terms of the competencies of founder teams, their human capital valorisation, technological base and financial resources mobilization.
Keywords: Biotechnologies, Modèle d'entreprise, Compétence, Entrepreneur, Ressource
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