Documents found
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51.More information
Decentralization and the appearance of new organizations in the field of education, in particular after-school support, raise two questions. What are the role and scope of these new organizations? How can the organizations and programs be regulated and coordinated? Community planning has gradually emerged as a consensual solution. What remains to be seen is if this form of planning enables combining economic and social performance as well as respecting the identities of non-profit educational organizations. The author bases her research on a survey of non-profit educational organizations in the town of Clichy-la-Garenne. After describing the characteristics of these organizations, the article analyzes the conditions of cooperation and coordination of local organizations, in particular through studying the local educational plan for Clichy, and shows that this structure has an impact on non-profit educational organizations.
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53.More information
In France after the War, the notion of development coincided with a will to modernize large urban agglomerations within the framework of city planning and urban development. After recalling the evolution of planning policy and local development, the author examines the more recent issues facing local policy-makers, in particular the increased sphere of activity of local government in large cities. In this context, the notion of development, despite its ambiguities, contains a good deal of symbolism. This goes not without raising a certain number of questions concerning, above all, the role of elected officials and their legitimacy.
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54.More information
AbstractThe changes which have taken place in science in France since the beginning of the 60's can only be understood in relationship to the development of scientific policy making which is more and more active. Eventhough it has considerably altered the degree to which French science is autonomous, this policy-making has encountered very little resistance on the part of researchers. According to the author, this must be explained by the ambiguity of this policy-making ; ambiguity of the social characteristics of the agents, ambiguity of their statements and of their decisions. A case study is carried out for sociology and economics.
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55.More information
Globalization creates regional and social inequalities. In parallel, digital activities continue to grow, and they can contribute to creating jobs and reducing social and even territorial inequalities. In Québec, many programs were created to develop digital resources and activities throughout the territory. The aim is to stimulate business activity and create jobs. Certain areas that are predominantly urban, or peri-urban, manage to survive; however, the most distant rural areas and those close to major business centres, which concentrate all the activity, find themselves excluded. It is to reduce these territorial differences that the Québec government has developed various programs supporting the deployment of digital resources, including in devitalized rural areas. Taking advantage of this technological development, ways of working are diversifying in response to both the development, ways of working are diversifying in response to both the economic context (and its requirement for better productivity) and expectations of employees who want a better balance between their work and private life. Telework continues to gain importance in Québec and it has increased in some rural areas where there were demographic declines and loss of economic attractiveness. Our research is the result of an investigation conducted over eight months (January-August 2014) on nine regional municipalities of county (RMC) Québec (Les Appalaches, Argenteuil, Arthabaska, Brome-Missisquoi, Charlevoix, Papineau, Les Sources, Témiscamingue and Vaudreuil-Soulanges). This research has been updated in late 2015 and early 2016. We interviewed professionals in charge of the development of digital technology, as well as human resource professionals responsible for the implementation of telework and new technologies within these territories. The purpose of our study is to present the policies developed by Québec in digital technologies and teleworking and we highlight here the results obtained within the rural areas.
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56.More information
Since the XIX century, European societies have progressively forgotten natural hazards. Physical divides between our societies and Nature triggered in our minds the believed of safety and domination against Nature. We often build house and road close to river where floods usually happened. In this research we have studied the geomorphological and urban evolution of the Rhone valley near the city of Vienne (France), as well as near the city of Allemont (French Alps) near the Grand Maison Dam. Environment and societies have deeply changed during the last 200 years in those areas. Coevolution of environment and societies occurred in relation with technological improvement and technical proliferation. Technics has deeply participated to construct nature and society in these areas. Contemporaneously, nature played a determinant role to structure our society and our technics. The 1856 floods that affected the Rhône valley favored habitants exodus from valleys and mountain to urbanized area, hydraulic planning and indirectly contributed to accelerate the new social, economic and technological organization often called “industrial revolution”. Surprisingly the strong interaction between our environment and our societies occurred whereas nature was becoming invisible in the urbanized areas.
Keywords: environnement, technique, inondation, exode rural, société, nature, France, environment, society, technique, flood, industrial revolution, human, nature, France
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57.More information
This article proposes to approach the reconstitution of social definitions of the family and of family policies, in order to identify the mechanisms and reasonings at work. It shows, at first, the measure in which social policies are participating to the renewal of these definitions by giving us an image, through categories and regulations, of special family situations. Such is the case in "single parent family" policies. The authors are showing here how their social treatment is the result of various and more or less coherent reasonings. However, based on one category, it partially overshadows the reality of these situations. The article thus proposes, in a second step, to explore the shadows cast by family policies, in order to apprehend what the actual social treatment is forgetting, that is, the phenomena of family reconstitution.
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59.More information
SummaryThis article first argues for the association of the categories of nationalism and racism, rather than those of nation and race. It then constructs theoretical frameworks for the respective analyses of nationalism and racism. It then proposes to analyse the relationship between nationalism and racism, emphatizing the respective risks of too general or over-hasty theorizations.
Keywords: nation, nationalisme, race, racisation, conscience nationale, modernité, identité, culture, idéologie, etchnicité, différence, nation, nationalism, race, racialization, national consciousness, modernity, identity, culture, ideology, ethnicity, difference, nación, nacionalismo, raza, racialización, conciencia, nacionalismo, modernidad, identidad, cultura, ideología, etnicidad, diferencia