Documents found
-
261.
-
262.More information
The following article outlines in a systematic way the main ideas of Simmel on this set of issues. The general thesis is that the German sociologist discerned and seized anthropological, structural and cultural conditions (ideational but also normative) of modern individuality with an exceptional acuity. Indeed, the question “How is individuality possible?” is the mirrored equivalent to the question “How is society possible?” Though Simmel did not pose the question in exactly these terms he developed a systematic reflection on the structural conditions and the cultural prerequisites of this modern ideal. The “tragedy of individuality”, as I will try to show, results from the gap between structural and cultural development. The former, for the first time, enables modern freedom and individuality; the latter, however, from a moral point of view, almost renders impossible the realization of this option generated by the structural development. In Weberian terms, one could say that the “life chances of individuality” are not met by a “style of life of individuality.”
Keywords: Simmel, individualité, société, liberté, idéal moderne, Simmel, individuality, society, freedom, modern ideal, Simmel, individualidad, sociedad, libertad, ideal moderno
-
265.More information
AbstractThis article examines the representation of the world of nature in fiction for young people published in Quebec. The work of novelist Nicole M.-Boisvert is critical to a study of the popularization of the natural sciences to the extent it was inspired by her many trips throughout the world. Unlike men, who have attempted for centuries to affirm their superiority by controlling nature, the young girls in Boisvert's stories seek to protect the environment and the animal species that evolve in it. If this narrative practice takes the form of a criticism of modernity and of reason as instrument, it confers an ethical character on the actions of the protagonists engaged in a process of creation. Like the naturalists who inventoried animal species as they were discovered with the aim of systematic classification, the young female characters cull data from the encyclopaedia of natural sciences to demonstrate that non-human nature possesses value in and of itself, apart from any utilitarian purpose, and that it must be respected accordingly.
-
266.More information
“How does society organize expertises?” Starting from that question asked by the American sociologist Abbott (1988), in the research framework conducted by the DAM team at the Geneva University, singing trainers and students' practices have been observed — the former being experts in the institutional context. These practices have been analyzed through three basic professional processes — diagnostic, inference and treatment, theorized by Abbott, which have been compared to transmission practices from the 17th century to our days. The research has shed light on profound transformations in the teaching of “classical” singing, especially at the inference stage. This stage allows the experimented singing teacher to exploit their creativity, but constitutes also a real challenge for the student in the process of professionalization.
-
267.More information
Gifted and talented students who are in our classrooms do not seem to have many opportunities to develop their full potential. This issue is raised in several research articles, government reports and testimony from educational practice. In New Brunswick, where the educational system tends to put into practice his vision of an inclusive school that meets the needs of all its students, looking for an answer to the problem of giftedness and talent is a topic of news. In context of mathematics teaching and learning, several initiatives have been implemented since last 15 years to help gifted students to develop their talents. In our article, we discuss several benefits of acceleration programs, enrichment, solving complex problems online, and various extracurricular and after-school projects, as well as the challenges associated with it, regarding the educational plan, appropriate resources, teacher training and professional development, and collaboration with the community.
Keywords: douance et talent, élève doué en mathématiques, école inclusive, enrichissement, activités parascolaires, giftedeness and talent, mathemtically gifted students, inclusive school, enrichment, extracurricular activities
-
268.More information
Based on an unprecedented experience of bringing together two logics of research, held to be contradictory according to epistemological norms in the social sciences, this article explores how to articulate a mathematized approach to large networks, calculated from web flows, and a socio-informatics approach of controversies, evolving through non-linear critical processes. Using new digital mediations, the authors suggest some pathways for a learning interface between human interprets and algorithms. The collective cognitive device that emerges from this cross-fertilization can create a new critical approach on how social processes unfold in digital worlds, from official sites to social media.
Keywords: Analyse de réseaux, sociologie, controverses, algorithmes, corpus, processus complexes, socio-semantic networks analysis, sociology, controversies, complex processes, text-mining, macroscopes, Análisis de redes, sociología, controversias, algoritmos, corpus, procesos complejos
-
269.More information
Introduced by P. Bourdieu and J.-C. Passeron in the 1960s, the term capital, applied to culture, has become a widely used concept in sociology. It refers to the conceptualization of the explanatory factor of social reproduction, via school, to the social distribution of cultural tastes and practices and, finally, to the constitution of an individual (one of the dimensions, with the ‘economic capital', of habitus). The notion is critical because of its consideration of the uses and social functions of culture, as well as through the functioning of culture in a relationship of domination. Cultural capital is supposed to take its sociological content, according to P. Bourdieu, in relation to the concept of “field”, which is its strictly relational definition. This article discusses the universal meaning that this notion has taken, which is manifested by a generic use, an indistinction of the dimensions of domination and cognition, and a use that goes beyond the process of socialization initially to its foundation. It is the epistemological status of the analogy in sociology that is examined. I argue that the notion of cultural capital should be reserved for the description of the social uses of culture in an arbitrary social relation and replaced by that of knowledge, declined in the plural, whenever it is a question of designating an acquaintance or a practical competence adequate to its object in a situation that requires it.
Keywords: capital culturel, savoir, diplôme, domination, pratiques culturelles, cultural capital, knowledge, education level, domination, cultural practices, capital cultural, saber, diploma, dominación, prácticas culturales
-
270.More information
The Bourgault brothers, Médard (1897-1967), André (1898-1958) and Jean-Julien (1910-1996), known as the Trois Bérets (Three Berets), created a unique and authentic aesthetic movement. They trained hundreds of apprentices in direct-cut wood carving. Having examined the way their workshops were organized, we realize that they have been able to manage their enterprise with little external help, other than the encouragement of clients, often members of the elite. In their case, the paradigm of learning at school was replaced by practical experience gained in the master wood carver's workshop.