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AbstractThis article represents the first in a series of studies on the possibility of envisioning practical theology from the perspective of apophatism. The thesis behind this effort rests on the assertion that all theological discourse has to be able to affect those around us. As a result, it is necessary to understand language as a process rather than a substrate. This point of view has been taken up urgently for fifty years following what has come to be called the “Linguistic Turn”. A clarification of the stakes raised by this proof can be made by establishing a link between certain developments from Wittgenstein and the understanding of the via negativa as it is presented by ancient authors.
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The concepts of “performative”, “performativity” and “performance” have been interpreted in different ways in a wide set of theories inspired by each other. Austin first characterized the notion of performative utterance and thus opens the way for the study of speech acts. After Austin, Searle proposes to consider the performative in a more contextual way while Derrida reinterprets the idea of performative in terms of iterability, which renews the notion of performative. If Bourdieu aims to analyse performativity in terms of “ritual”, Lyotard tries to understand it as a game where “players” are involved in a complex calculation of interactions. Unavoidable with Butler and then with all the Gender Studies, performativity must not be reduced to a theatrical performance of gender nor be totally excluded from that field either. In Excitable Speech, Butler argues that his idea of performativity lies somewhere between Bourdieu and Derrida and, according to Anne Emmanuelle Berger, in a chiasmus between “linguistic interpretation” and “theatrical performance”. Moreover, Parker and Sedgwick propose a new way of thinking together performative and performance that need to be compared with some recent considerations on the active role of spectator.
Keywords: performatif, performativité, performance, Austin, Searle, Derrida, Butler, Lyotard, Bourdieu, Parker, Sedgwick, performative, performativity, performance, Austin, Searle, Derrida, Butler, Lyotard, Bourdieu, Parker, Sedgwick
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This article is the result of an analysis that took place during the 31st ASTED conference held in October 2004. The theme, The Public Library as a Place for the Citizen, raised a number of issues. What exactly is meant by the public library as a place for the citizen? Drawing from a number of documents, namely the UNESCO Public Library Manifesto, as well as the daily publication Un dimanche après-midi à la bibliothèque, this analysis attempts to illustrate the complexity of the action needed in order for our public libraries to fully become places for the citizen.
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ABSTRACTDo Wittgenstein's remarks on language in the Philosophical Investigations amount to a " theory " of language ? I defend the view that Wittgenstein does have a theory of language or the sketch of such a theory. Its two main components (pertaining to the nature and to the structure of languages) are the "use-theory of meaning" and the idea that natural languages are "conglomerates" or "mixtures of language-games more or less similar to the simple forms of language he describes in the Investigations.