Documents found
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771.More information
The description of the systems of civil and religious charges occupies a considerable place in the ethnographies devoted to the Mesoamerican indigenous communities. It is often seen as an organizing principle of collective life, a source of social cohesion. Among the Me'phaa of the state of Guerrero in Mexico, offering free labor is interpreted as a sign of the individual's sacrifice for the good of the group and as a contribution to the historical project of the “great ancestors” (xabo niki), whose founding ambition was to see the community prosper for multiple generations. To this long-standing reflexivity associated with the provision of free labor, we see another one added in the last decade, that of free labor as an identity marker referring to a Me'phaa way of making community. Using the notion of indigenous futurisms, we explore here the ways in which the social production of the cultural imaginary surrounding free labor is both a continuation of earlier Me'phaa norms and a process of emergence of new ways of integrating free labor into the identities mobilized by Me'phaa.
Keywords: Hébert, Mexique, peuples autochtones, futurisme, travail, imaginaire, Hébert, Mexico, indigenous peoples, futurism, work, imaginaries, Hébert, México, pueblos autóctonos, futurismo, trabajo, imaginarios
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772.More information
Usually appreciated as an alternative, the crowdfunding is becoming an increasing funding source. However, research on the distinctive characteristics of the young innovative business ventures that resort to crowdfunding remains relatively scares and vague. Following Walthoof-Borm, Schwienbacher et Vanacker (2018), our contribution sheds light on these characteristics by comparing 4450 less than 5 years old French innovative ventures regarding their financing sources pooled in three categories: 1) debt and funders initial equity, 2) fundraising from ventures capital and business angels and 3) crowdfunding. Our study provides evidence that crowdfunded innovative new ventures are less effective regarding the turnover, are smaller, have excessive debt level and account for less intangible assets with respect to the set of firms funded by venture capital and business angels. However, only few differences are noticed relative to the set of firms which did not raise funds.
Keywords: Financement participatif (Crowdfunding), Jeunes entreprises innovantes, Performance, Levée de fonds, Crowdfunding, Innovative new venture, Performance, Fundraising, Crowdfunding, Nuevas empresas innovadoras, Rendimientos financiaros, Obtención de capital
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773.More information
How was it determined whether a story or news item about America should find a place in the Mercure galant in the time of Louis XIV? The ordinary internal workings of the privileged periodical remain, unfortunately, particularly opaque. In this article, three points of observation provide an insight into the issues surrounding the publication of these texts. The writing practices of short story writers close to the editor Donneau de Visé, the documentary practices of the Secretary of State for the Navy, and the publication practices of Dutch periodicals are analysed in their interactions with the Mercure. In particular, the author presents the work of writers who adaptated to the expectations of the authorities and that of gatekeepers who decided whether a text should be published.
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774.More information
The popularity of nature and adventure intervention observed in recent years is resulting in the emergence of several nature and adventure intervention flavored programs and it sometimes becomes difficult to navigate them (Gargano & Turcotte, 2018). To this end, several authors raise the need to better document the characteristics of these programs and the processes leading to the effects (Gargano and Turcotte, 2018; Gass et al., 2012; Beringer and Martin, 2003). In order to provide an input to a better understanding of the nature and adventure approach, this article in the form of a practice narrative proposes the description of a socio-professional insertion project using nature and adventure as one of its means of intervention. We will attempt to demonstrate the ways in which the nature and adventure approach is put into practice, to identify the characteristics and active ingredients that are similar to this approach and to expose the distinctive elements of the project.
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776.More information
The rise of an elite private philanthropy is one of the main highlights of the past two decades. Evolving more and more in a partnership logic with governments and community groups, philanthropy, and most specifically “investment philanthropy,” is a major player in the emergence of “social governance.” From the cases of the Harlem Children's Zone—a non-profit organization in New York—and the Fondation Lucie et André Chagnon in Quebec, this comparative study analyzes how the triangular relationship between philanthropic, community and public actors affects the development of social policies. This study highlights how social governance contributes to a reconfiguration of the links between the State and civil society and to a certain openness in public policy processes. But it also tells us about the limited nature of this openness, about the balance of power within this process, and about the evolution of relations between the State and civil society in two North American contexts.
Keywords: philanthropie élitaire, philanthropie d'investissement, gouvernance du social, politiques sociales, elite philanthropy, investment philanthropy, social governance, social policies
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777.More information
Scientific interest in emotions has been growing since the 1980s. Neurologists, psychiatrists and psychologists have sometimes defined emotions as neurophysiological and psychological phenomena that are internal to individuals. This ontology is linked to a desire to show that these phenomena are material (for example, using medical imaging), as if the methods should define the subject. If, on the other hand, we consider emotions to be complex processes that are shaped and managed within a framework of contextualized social interactions, then methods that are more qualitative and open (field observations and in-depth interviews) are an essential component if we are going to understand their signification, the issues involved and how they are regulated. I rely on my research with diplomats and police officers to illustrate how relevant this is if we are to operationalize a notion that makes sense in both the life sciences and the social sciences, that of affective colouring.
Keywords: Entretiens, observations, régulation collective, mémoire affective, interactions, Interviews, field observations, shared regulation, affective memory, interactions
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778.More information
Behavioral loyalty in tourism has many limitations, as it is subject to the constraints and motivations of tourists. Recently introduced in relational marketing, the concept of “Customer Engagement” is mobilized for its ability to overcome the vision according to which the re-visit, unlikely in the case of Small Island Destinations (SIDs), would be a relevant indicator of competitiveness. The objective is to discuss the transposition of the concept to the field of tourism within the individual/destination relationship. The contribution lies in the proposal of a definition and a multidimensional measurement scale tested on the destination “Reunion Island” with 572 individuals.
Keywords: Engagement client, Clients potentiels, Destination touristique, PDI, Échelle de mesure, Customer engagement, Potential customers, Tourism destination, SID, Measurement scale, Customer Engagement, Clientes potenciales, Destino turístico, PDI, Escala de medición
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779.More information
The analysis of specific norms of museum governance in their entirety involves looking at hard law, which is secularly defined and strictly framed as state law. It also involves other rules or informal law, qualified as soft law or informal law, which bind the parties who adhere to them. This approach is adopted in this paper to first analyze international conventions, recommendations and declarations emanating from UNESCO, while also taking into consideration the rules qualified as soft law enacted by ICOM. Next, it examines the laws and regulations emanating from Canadian and Quebec legislators juxtaposed with the rules set out by the Canadian Museums Association and the Société des musées du Québec.
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780.More information
How to rebuild an industry when it has collapsed? To answer this question, the literature on strategic renewal mostly focuses on individual renewal. However, a firm operates in an environment made of other firms. Therefore, it is relevant to study renewal at a collective level. Collective renewal, orchestrated by a third-party actor, allows us to understand how the renewal of an industry occurs. The empirical analysis of the cork industry in the French region “Aquitaine” highlights: (1) the necessary collective renewal to revitalize the industry, (2) the key roles of a third-party actor to orchestrate the inter-organizational relations.
Keywords: Régénération, Acteur tiers, Relations inter-organisationnelles, Filière, Liège, Renewal, Third-party actor, Inter-organizational relations, Industry, Cork, Regeneración, Actores terceros, Relaciones entre organizaciones, Sector, Lieja