Documents found
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931.More information
This article is part of the discussion aimed at establishing the relationship that Nietzsche had with the Greek sophists. A three-step periodization allows us to show that he has indeed valued the Greek sophists since the time of his rhetoric courses in 1870 (section I), particularly through considerations on language and agôn. The sophists, who have spread a higher education, are associated with the free spirit. Between 1876 and 1886, Nietzsche again qualifies them as free spirits and unites them under the figure of Thucydide (section II). At the very end of his life, he took a keen interest in their realism and immoralism (section III), which foreshadowed his own critique of morality. Section IV analyzes Nietzsche's interpretation of the Protagorean thesis of man-measure.
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932.More information
In the post-COVID-19 context, both France and Spain are adapting to the evolving expectations of tourists, particularly in relation to environmental responsibility and the diversification of leisure and business activities. This comparative analysis of France’s and Spain’s tourism strategies towards 2030 focuses on the sustainability of tourism practices and the challenges posed by overtourism and the management of visitor flows. The comparison draws upon both statistical analysis and qualitative coding based on national tourism strategic plans. Spain’s approach centres on the adaptation of its territories and the diversification of its tourism offerings, notably through the integration of soft mobility practices. France, by contrast, emphasises enhanced competitiveness in response to international rivalry and the extension of international stays through the strategic use of data-driven marketing. Spain’s comprehensive strategy proposes a new climate-responsive planning-policy framework aimed at transforming the sector while promoting social and territorial equity. France, meanwhile, places particular emphasis on major international events, such as the 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games. From the global to the local scale, there is a marked shift in national tourism governance towards the explicit integration of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.
Keywords: tourisme, stratégie, développement durable, planification climato-touristique, Espagne, France, tourism, strategy, sustainability, climate-responsive planning, Spain, France
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935.More information
Since the beginning of the 2000s, the notarial profession is going through a process of modernization, which is today reflected in the digitalization of many activities and services. This article shows how the digitalization of activities has gradually become an opportunity for notaries to assert their added value towards citizens, while strengthening their position in the Belgian judicial system. Based on qualitative research within Belgian notary's offices, we analyze the implementation of two digital applications (eRegistration and Biddit). Such applications modify two important activities of the profession: the registration of authentic acts and the public sales of real estate. Based on a socio-ergonomic analysis of the activities and discourses of multiple notaries involved in digitalization, we show how such digital applications have contributed to the evolution of the professional identity of notaries. At the institutional level, we discuss the central role played by the notaries' professional federation (Fednot) in the digitalization of the profession. Our results show that the digitalization of the profession reinforces an already existing tension between two roles related to the notarial activity in Belgium: the role of state officer and that of entrepreneur.
Keywords: Notaires, Digitalisation, identité professionnelle, Fédération professionnelle, Notaries, Digitalization, Professional identity, Activities
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