Documents found
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971.More information
Based upon the results of a previous study on the influence of Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) on the negotiation of international instruments, the current paper stresses the key elements of the influence of NGOs in a more general and holistic view. The author attempts to demonstrate which legal elements facilitate or hamper the influence of NGOs in the making process of international law. Consequently this paper offers a synthesis, that the author does not pretend to be exhaustive, and an analysis of the way the key elements of influence operate and of their impact. The analysis shows that the key elements are numerous and diverse. Hence the success of the influence of NGOs depends on their capacity to control the essential elements, and to perceive and face unexpected events. Finally the study provides a framework of analysis in order to offer a better understanding of the phenomenon of NGOs' influence on international law instruments.
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974.More information
The literature on innovation communities suffers from a lack of clarification of the theoretical construct and associated typologies. The objective of this research is therefore to propose a fine characterization of the communities that interact during innovation projects, by questioning their mutually exclusive character or the potential porosity of their boundaries. Through three case studies of outdoor sport companies, we characterize three types of innovation communities (communities of practice, epistemic and user communities) through five characteristics (their members, objectives, organizational dynamics, communication modes and the nature of their social ties). Moreover, intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms are identified as being at the origin of the decompartmentalization of the three types of communities identified.
Keywords: communautés d'innovation, communautés mixtes, constellation de communautés d'innovation, objets-frontière, innovation communities, mixed communities, constellation of innovation communities, boundary objects, comunidad de innovación, comunidades mixtas, constelación de comunidades de innovación, objetos límite
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975.More information
The Anecdotes de notre temps depuis 1715 à 1736 is a set of 52 manuscript volumes acquired by the Royal Library in 1789 during the sale after the death of the Duke of Richelieu. Archivists itemized the majority of the volumes in the early 19th century and the documents in these volumes got dispersed in different thematic collections of the National Library of France. They generally combined a text and an image and referred to as anecdotes. Fortunately, a particular stamp assures their traceability and permits to identify them in the National Library. In this manner, an anonymous volume preserves around forty anecdotes containing 67 drawings and engravings of fauna and flora concerning the French colonial empire. A reconstruction was made through an intra-inter-trans structuralist approach to reconstruct first the micro-stories behind each anecdote in order to infirm the date of most of the iconographic documents. This approach also made it possible to determine the nature of the collection in the 19th century but also to identify invariabilities leading to the involvement of Antoine-Denis Raudot, class-intendant and secretary of the French Navy. It is believed that this corpus represents in fact the “pre-anecdotes” until Raudot's death in 1737, from which the Count of Maurepas must have drawn in order to partially compile the 52 volumes of Anecdotes de notre temps during his exile (1749-1774). This result and the fact that Raudot's went to New France (1705-1710) as a second clerk now permitted to identify a second set of eight Canadian anecdotes and to be presented here. The transfer of Raudot's “pre-anecdotes” corpus to Maurepas is explained partially by various events that occurred in 1737, the year when Raudot died (heritage, appropriation, saving).
Keywords: Secrétariat de la Marine, Jardin du Roi, Académie des Sciences, Compagnie des Indes, Cabinet de Curiosités, Circulation des savoirs, Cultures coloniales, Colonies françaises, Iconographie, Premières Nations, Comte de Maurepas, Antoine-Denis Raudot, Duc de Richelieu, Le Masson du Parc, Pierre Le Chevalier, Jussieu, XVIII siècle
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977.More information
AbstractIn this article, the authors are interested in the diverse forms of political commitment of young adults (18-30 years old) in Quebec. Joining a new thought regarding political commitment terms (more individualized, distanced), they present the results of a qualitative research done among 50 young adults engaged in different political parties (20) and associations (30), and among 30 young adults individually concerned by fair trade issues. The authors start by reviewing the activist trajectory followed by these young adults and explain the characteristics and meaning of their involvement. Then, they show that these young adults have similar objectives (act to change the world, participate in the founding of a better world). Their commitment also expresses a sense of responsibility (altruism) towards « Others » (future generations, society, health of the planet, etc.).
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978.More information
When work in social science focuses on the socio-political and intellectual trends of a given period, it reflects the spirit of the times (see Varro in the present number). Consequently, the way in which researchers comprehend the subjects of their investigation is time-related, but also space-related, i.e. linked to the context in which they are situated. We thus determined that it would be of interest to visit the various theoretical perspectives that have led to the building up of the study area of mixed conjugality and to do so by starting with a synthesis of the theoretical frameworks that for a long time now have played a determining role in research on mixed couples. Following this, we would highlight the coming to the fore of the new perspectives that give a preferential role to the participants involved and which consider personal identity to be central to their analysis. These perspectives, which open up new subjects, and new viewpoints, while contributing to a change in the very language that structures this field of research, most certainly reflect the concerns of our present time.
Keywords: mixité conjugale, perspectives théoriques, identité personnelle, sujet, acteur, mixed conjugality, theoretical perspectives, personal identity, subject, participant
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979.More information
France's official policy toward Québec has been one of non-interference and non-indifference. An analysis of what French diplomacy sought and did during the 1970s reveals that the attitude of the Québec government, more than any other factor, determined French diplomacy toward Québec. France was simply responding to Québec's requests.