Documents found
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16151.More information
No definition of “jurist” can be found in the usual legal support documents. The main objective of this paper is to show that the contemporary jurist is no longer a classical dogmatist in the Kelsenian sense, but rather a person who is conscious of playing a role in society. The method used in the Pure Theory of Law, simplistic, monolithic and linear, is no longer sufficient to reflect the complexity of the law in a “post-modern” period defined by multiple transformations of the system of legal regulation. The postulate that the science of law remains axiologically neutral has often been criticized, and today is completely outmoded. Throughout the world, the law is progressing because social changes require a constant adaptation of legal rules to match citizens' aspirations. The ultimate aims of the rule of law have become the tools used to measure the quality of the law. For this reason, the use of a syncretic methodology, a combination of classical and ethical dogmatics, offers an interesting approach in the task of defining the notion of jurist. A jurist, from this perspective, is someone who is axiologically aware as a dogmatist that humanity remains the final horizon for his or her work.
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16153.More information
This article offers a re-reading of collaborative practices as a new approach to recognizing the concept of "being together and working together" in the field of children's mental health. Our objective is theoretical, not empirical, and our main objective is to spark reflective thinking with respect to collaborative practices, beginning with social services as a discipline based on egalitarian exchange, i.e. providing leverage for joint action by the professions at the child's bedside. We are also suggesting a pause that will allow us dispense with current dogma and review these concepts as child-centered collaborative practices. The article contains four subdivisions, each one with different objectives. Initially we will be looking at children's mental health as a field to be defined within a theoretical area and offering essentially collaborative practice. The second subdivision has allowed us to explore a new semantic approach to the concepts of collaboration and partnership. The third part presents the social service as an interface in the issue of child-centered collaborative practices. The fourth part illustrates collaborative work by structuring the framework of procedural practice within the field of children's mental health.
Keywords: Collaboration, service social, pratiques collaboratives, santé mentale de l'enfant, travail en réseaux, Collaboration, social services, collaborative practices, children's mental health, social networks
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16154.More information
The objective of this article is to present the potential and limits of the co-management of artisanal fisheries in Senegal. The method consisted of carrying out extensive investigation work in the various local artisanal fishing councils (CLPAs) established along the Senegalese coast. The interview guide and questionnaire submitted to fishery stakeholders and CLPA leaders focused on 40 indicators inspired by scientific literature. These indicators are divided into three categories : “governance”, “natural systems” and “populations and livelihoods”. They cover all dimensions of co-management as implemented in Senegal. The analysis reveals that the CLPAs struggle to fully assume the leadership role assigned to them by the State and their social base. Given their financial dependence on the State and development partners, they have little capacity for influence and limited socio-political positioning. This weak self-assertion at the local level is also linked to the fragility of their organizational base, which ultimately compromises their economic and ecological performance. The local governance framework is characterized by the superposition of several local entities (economic interest groups [EIG] and associations) that lack any coordination and operate in a logic of competition. Despite these limitations, which are mainly organizational and economic in nature, the co-management of artisanal fishing has potential. Beyond positioning themselves as a new local framework for fishery management, the CLPAs have started restructuring the local institutional architecture and offer spaces where to build initiatives, both technical (to ensure the sustainability of fishery resources) and socioeconomic (to improve the livelihoods of fishing stakeholders). Overall, the governance of fisheries in Senegal is split into a directive management framework which is gradually crumbling and a new style (co-management) which is slow to take hold.
Keywords: participation, Sénégal, décentralisation, pêche, gouvernance, participation, Senegal, fishing, governance, decentralization
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16155.More information
Using her own experience as a window into the experiences of many historians, and especially women historians, who entered the profession in the 1960s, Mary Lynn spotlighted four barriers this generation crossed. First, many who came from working-class families benefitted from the expansion of university studies and financial support to take degrees, especially in the liberal arts as opposed to more practical diplomas that our parents and families preferred. They brought with them an interest in those who had been left out of conventional histories, thereby developing the fields of labour, social, and women's history. Second, many participated in the political and social protests of the 1960s and learned from this much about the operations of power and memory that would apply in historical research and analyses. Third, women and men who were involved in the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s opened up the field of women's history and subsequently gender history. Fourth, they did more local, regional and, more recently, transnational historical studies and within history departments, pressed for more inclusive and representative faculty members to teach the more expansive kind of history that has emerged.
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16156.
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16157.More information
The article analyses the antecedents and the current forms of the regionalization process in Nicaragua. Nicaragua is divided into two major geographical areas: the Atlantic coast and the Western Central region. In the first area, the structuring forces are centered on foreign capitalistic investments, the exploitation of natural resources, and the ethnical and cultural components of a mostly indigenous population. In the second area, the territorial desintegration results from the action of other socio-economic factors such as the formation and growth of an importing and exporting national bourgeoisie and the proletarization of a large part of the peasant and urban work force. The new government expects the regionalization to contribute, among other things, to the development of an agro-industrial economy, an improvement of the spatial infrastructure, a reduction of the relative demographic weight of Managua, a solution of the problem of migratory agriculture, and a decentralization of investments. In all these projects, a collective effort will be made by the Sandinist Front, the government of national reconstruction and, especially, the workers and peasants.
Keywords: Désarticulation spatiale, classes sociales, régionalisation, structure administrative, état, territoire, Nicaragua, Spatial disarticulation, social classes, regionalization, administrative structure, state, territory, Nicaragua
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16159.More information
AbstractFor most analysts, the Golden Decades (roughly 1950-1980) mark a period of far-reaching change – both structural and cultural – in Western societies. In an attempt to link the macro, societal transformation with individual behavior, the authors elaborate the “context-and-cohort-change” paradigm (as opposed to the “age-related-decline” paradigm), according to which they scrutinize the participation in sports and physical training at two stages (mid-life, third age) of adult life of the members of two cohorts (C1, born 1905-1914, N = 1012; C2, born 1920-1929, N = 661).The results show (a) a robust intercohort increase in the rate of exercisers from C1 to C2; (b) no significant longitudinal decline in participation from mid-life to third age, either in C1 or in C2, but a high rate of turnover among exercisers, with “late exercisers” filling the gaps left by the “dropouts”; (c) changes in the sociodemographic composition of exercisers, reflecting a move away from the pattern in which sports and physical exercise were mostly a male, urban, and upper-class activity, to another, much more generalized and democratic pattern.
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16160.More information
Cultural narratives of northern wilderness are central to any understanding of the ongoing development of Canada, particularly as they relate to Aboriginal people and environmental change. This paper provides a critical interdisciplinary perspective on the related concepts of region, wilderness and landscape as they are used to describe the North. The literature review exposes the personal, political and ideological uses of landscape to better understand how places, like the George River of Nitassinan, Innu territory, are inscribed with contested meanings. Political discourses about places draw upon economic, cultural and scientific constructions of land and its use, while wilderness mythology continues to dominate public policies relating to park creation and protected area management. The Séminaires nordiques autochtones (Northern Aboriginal Seminars) held on the George River are presented as one prospect for mediating complex land use conflicts through dialogues about culture, wilderness, environment and development.