Documents found
-
16161.More information
The courts have remained the Holy Grail for Amazigh activists in Morocco who seek institutionalized legitimacy for Tamazight (« Berber ») and an end to language discrimination and Arabic dominance in administrations. There is no official state policy for handling legal affairs in the indigenous Tamazight language ; Arabic instead dominates legal matters. Yet as I argue in this article, the « state » is comprised of individual civil servants, including judges and clerks, many of whom do use regional Tamazight varieties in the course of their work, including the task of registering customary marriages through mobile courthouses, which I examine here as the result of fieldwork and interviews. Judges' language practices and ideologies merit our attention in any assessment of the political economy of language in Morocco, particularly given the high status and respect granted to these state representatives. Court personnel navigate political necessities according to local constraints and opportunities – including linguistic ones – and in so doing help shape the broader political economy of language in Morocco.
Keywords: Hoffman, économie de la langue, idéologies langagières, langue et droit, tribunaux, droits des peuples indigènes, genre, Amazight, Imazighen (Berbères), tamazight, Maroc, Hoffman, Political Economy of Language, Language Ideologies, Language and Law, Courts, Indigenous Rights, Gender, Amazight, Imazighen (Berbers), Morocco, Hoffman, economía de la lengua, ideología lingüística, lengua y derecho, tribunales, derechos de los pueblos indígenas, genero, Amazight, Imazighen (Bereberes), tamazight, Marruecos
-
16162.More information
This article looks at the question of legitimacy through the lenses of linguistic policies carried out by Québec in the field of linguistic integration from the viewpoint of recently arrived minority allophones. We ask the two following questions: how do recent immigrants to Québec, living in Montreal, perceive the stakes of their francization; what are their representations of their actual and projected place in québécois francophone society? A policy analysis and an ethnography show that recent immigrants struggle to perceive themselves as full members of francophone society because of their language skills in acquisition, their monolingual and monolithic view of the francophone community and their lack of a shared historical past. The few exchanges with francophones, considered as “legitimate” – the native-born – have a direct impact on their sense of belonging and their social integration.
Keywords: Québec, Montréal, immigration, politiques linguistiques, communautés, Quebec, Montreal, immigration, linguistic policies, communities
-
16163.More information
The purpose of this article is to present the relational space of the psychiatric nurse, in a context of French language mental health services delivery in Ottawa, during the period of psychiatric deinstitutionalization. The case study of a Francophone patient with 26 years of follow-up care at the Montfort Outpatient Mental Health Clinic was selected as a sample. Over this psychiatric life-course, 63% of her encounters were with a nurse, 27% with psychiatrists, 5% with occupational therapists, 4% with social workers and 1% with psychologists. Among the different tasks documented by the nurses, six different types of intervention emerge. The case study, therefore, reveals that the nurse occupies a more significant relational space than that of the other professionals of the multidisciplinary team.
Keywords: infirmière, santé mentale, désinstitutionnalisation psychiatrique, équipe multidisciplinaire, parcours de vie, nurse, mental health, psychiatric deinstitutionalization, multidisciplinary team, life-course
-
16164.More information
This article is an internal critic of the economic discipline and an attempt to reintroduce history and historicity in the discipline.
Keywords: Économie, méthodologie, histoire, cliométrie, Economics, methodology, history, cliometrics
-
16165.More information
AbstractPostmodern theorists of identity and difference such as Iris M. Young have criticized civic republicanism as oppressive because, like other ideologies, it silences cultural differences and imposes uniformity and homogeneity on society. In response to I. Young this article argues that there is a tradition of republicanism that engaged the question of recognizing and accommodating social diversity. Moreover, how this tradition does so is relevant to postmodern politics as embodied in new social movements. The politics of new social movements, according to the author, represent another variant of republicanism. However, it is a variant that is deficient in its failure to address the question of wealth and distribution. Rightly constructed republicanism has the capacity to address both the question of diversity and of wealth and redistribution.
-
16168.More information
With the rise of environmental concerns and the advent of the precautionary principle, disaster risk reduction has become a central issue in public policy. In this context, researchers and operators of monitoring networks of telluric phenomena are increasingly called upon by the authorities and the general public to intervene as experts. However, the transition from the practice of research to the situation of expertise is not without difficulty. In that respect, the case of volcanic risk in the Lesser Antilles arc is particularly revealing given the highly variable spatio-temporal scales that characterize it, the numerous actors spanning the entire spectrum of society, the intrinsic and considerable epistemic and aleatory uncertainties, its low recurrence rate compared to other risks, but also the considerable chain-link specificity of its impacts that can significantly effect small vulnerable island states embedded in the legacy of a complex history, regional, and international context. One of the difficulties—rarely addressed by researchers acting as experts and by researchers studying expertise situations—is the fragmentation of disciplines into different specialties. This issue can only be tackled by transcending traditional disciplinary boundaries. This article, written jointly by researchers in political science and in Earth sciences, illustrates how knowledge of the epistemological tensions that underlie Earth sciences can contribute to enriching the analysis of public action on the issue of risk management. Our reflection is illustrated by two case studies: the crisis associated with the phreatic eruption of La Soufriere in Guadeloupe (in 1976), and the crisis associated with the magmatic eruption of the Soufriere Hills Volcano of Montserrat (1995-ongoing). It reveals that the tools mobilized by politists—like the concepts of expertise, controversies, instruments of public action or even epistemic communities—cannot fully capture the plurality of knowledge and know-how developed by experts facing intricate problems. This observation is not unique to volcanic risks. Most of the phenomena that threaten our societies today require, indeed, to take into account a complexity that goes well beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries. Getting out of the disciplinary isolation is difficult. This is evidenced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) experts' efforts over more than three decades to harmonize not only the contributions of different research communities but to articulate them to make them operational for international public policy. Yet, the analysis of public action can only enrich itself to make the bet of such a dialogue.
Keywords: réduction des risques de catastrophe, expertise, risque volcanique, politiques publiques, gestion de crise, disaster risk reduction, expertise, volcanic risk, public policies, crisis management
-
16169.More information
This exploratory article offers a reinterpretation of Thomas More's Utopia by looking at the political role of writing and speech. By using Abensour's concept of the oblique way, it aims to underline the predominant role of orality in More's literary strategy. Three underestimated influences are thus shown through that angle: the problem of logographia in Phaedrus, the rhetorical use of a distancing topology in Cicero's De Republica, and the modern discourse on the New World's “peoples without writing.” We will see how this tension between writing and orality is transversal to Utopia's reflection on the political. By its oral writing, the Utopia produces discursive effects similar to other authors of the sixteenth century (Machiavelli, La Boétie): it offers a heuristic thought on possibility and a critique of the political order of its time.
Keywords: Thomas More, utopie, Abensour, oralité, parole, écriture, logographie, philia, Amérique, peuples sans écriture, discours sur les « Sauvages », Phèdre, Cicéron, La Boétie, Machiavel, Thomas More, utopia, Abensour, orality, speech, writing, logographia, philia, people without writing, figure of the “Savage”, Phaedrus, Cicero, La Boétie, Machiavelli
-
16170.More information
AbstractThis study of Blue Eyes Black Hair by Marguerite Duras analyzes the development of a fiduciary contract, exploring its constitutive intersubjective matrices and proposing a schema that identifies tendencies toward mutuality and autonomy, respectively. The article examines the organization of a narrative of dispossession, identifying contrasts with narratives of the recuperation and of the institution of values. Returning to the problematic of the “ interaction ” of different “ semiotic systems ” entering into a text that A. J. Greimas discusses in On Meaning, the essay strives above all to observe how the two semiotic practices in play, the elaboration of the contract and the response to loss, combine and act one on the other in Duras's work.