Documents found
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16471.More information
AbstractThis article explores theories of differentiation. It examines the effects of macro changes on agrarian differentiation in a coastal village in the Red River Delta, Northern Vietnam. It contributes to the debates about agrarian differentiation in post-socialist societies by arguing that changes in macro structures, accentuating income differences, alter the bases et mechanisms of differentiation, as well as the patterns of differentiation in places where the market economy has become more developed et are close to market centers. It suggests that only when attention is paid to local contexts et histories can local-level studies contribute to a better understeting of the causes et consequences of agrarian change.
Keywords: Le Thi Van, Vietnam, réformes économiques, changements agraires, différenciation sociale, postsocialisme, Le Thi Van, Vietnam, economic reforms, agrarian change, social differentiation, post-socialism, Le Thi Van, Vietnam, reformas económicas, cambios agrarios, diferenciación social, post-socialismo
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16472.More information
SummaryLocal Responses to Economie Cris/s :U.S. Cities and the New International Division of LaborThe article explores some major connections between the spatial reorganization of production engendered by the global economic crisis and several ongoing political, economic, and social processes in U.S. cities. The latter include the growth of the informal economy, the rise of new sweatshops, the fourth great wave of migration to U.S. cities, the vulnerability of trade unionism at the grassroots, the channeling of discontent through neighborhood mobilization, and the spread of neighborhood discontent from Snowbelt to Sunbelt cities. The case of Hispanic migration to Sunbelt cities is used to concretely connect these processes.
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16473.More information
AbstractIn 1971 the Democratic Republic of Congo (former Belgian Congo) became Zaire and the concept of authenticité was put at the center of a nationalist project that used the past as a means of projecting itself into the future. At the same time that the Mobutu government was trying to create an image of a single national identity (Zairian), it was also insisting on the importance of the more than 350 ethnic groups that made up the national cultural landscape. The management of this diversity was made possible by a strategy of making culture public through traditional song and dance from different parts of the country : animation politique et culturelle. Inspired by the thinking of negritude but also by the patriotic choreographies that Mobutu had observed during an official visit to North Korea and China in the early 1970s, animation politique dominated not only the public sphere in the Congo, but also the political imaginary. The imposition of this phenomenon in almost every aspect of public life (schools, businesses, state-owned companies, television and radio, neighborhood associations, etc.) enabled Mobutu to consolidate his authority as “President-Founder” and “Father of the Revolution”, but it also had the effect of transforming the way that the notion of culture is experienced and understood.
Keywords: White, Zaïre, Mobutu, politiques culturelles, authenticité, violence symbolique, White, Zaire, Mobutu, cultural politics, authenticity, symbolic violence, White, Zaire, Mobutu, politicas culturales, autenticidad, violencia símbolica
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16474.More information
AbstractBased on a Nigerian case-study, this article aims at understanding the complexity and the limits of an African diaspora in the making. It reviews the various historical phases that contributed to shape exile identities. The objective is to analyse the trans-national links with the homeland from a global and empirical perspective. Hence the paper focuses first on the trade slave and the making of a black diaspora in the classical meaning of the word. After colonisation and independence, it then appraises the political and economical factors that explain a modern emigration. As compared to the trauma and the deportation of the slave trade, the article raises the issue of the coercive dimension of contemporary dispersion. Today's Nigerian migrant communities are based on ethnic identities and not so much on a common national suffering ; yet they keep very much in touch with their homeland, to which they often remit money on a regular basis.
Keywords: Pérouse de Montclos, migrations internationales, déplacements forcés, diaspora, Nigeria, Pérouse de Montclos, international migrations, forced displacements, diaspora, Nigeria, Pérouse de Montclos, migraciones transnacionales, traslados forzados, diáspora, Nigeria
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16475.More information
AbstractThe Democratic Republic of Congo has known serious interethnic conflicts which led the country to a balkanization. After being its “father”, President Mobutu became seen as the “orchestrator” of the Zairian nation, because everybody knew that he was the instigator of internal divisions among different Congolese populations in general and, in particular, of the conflict that created for the second time a division between natives of Kasaï and those of Katanga.In this study, we review different mechanisms set up by public institutions and by NGOS and associations to bring together the two antagonistic communities, by initiating negociations and mediation in order to reread their common past, recognize their mistakes, mend their ways, reharmonize their link and restore peace in the province of Katanga in particular and in DR Congo in general.
Keywords: Dibwe dia Mwembu, conflit, reconstruction nationale, paix, négociations, réconciliation, Katanga, Congo, Dibwe dia Mwembu, conflict, national reconstruction, peace, negotiations, reconciliation, Katanga, Congo, Dibwe dia Mwembu, conflicto, reconstrucción nacional, paz, negociaciones, reconciliación, Katanga, Congo
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16479.More information
AbstractThe French missionary Father Jean Mandé Sigogne worked among the Acadians of south-western Nova Scotia from 1799 to 1844. His archives contain three unpublished letters concerning an unusual event. In 1810, two young girls from Bas-de-Tousquet (present-day Wedgeport, NS) were seemingly possessed by the devil. Bewildered by this dramatic turn of events, the girls' parents and neighbours resorted to traditional folk rites of sorcery and exorcism, that is until the parish priest took control of the situation using official Church-sanctioned methods. First of all, our article provides an opportunity to publish documents of great interest to history of religion and popular culture in French America. Furthermore, the letters themselves are followed by an extensive historical commentary which analyses the beliefs and rites they discuss from the perspective of anthropology and ethnohistory.
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16480.More information
Today, violence and insecurity continue to plague rural communities in North Cameroon, a situation rooted in its history, in a domestic economic crisis that goes back 20 years, and in the political and military conflicts gripping neighbouring countries like Chad and the Central African Republic. The agro-pastoral systems of production are currently being undermined by land and fiscal insecurity and, more recently, by acts of armed banditry. The sedentary Mbororo herders have been the main victims so far. The difficulty in overcoming the different forms of insecurity stems from the weakness of an administration suffering from government underfunding, and the lack of organization of civil society and rural producer associations preventing North Cameroon from facing up to this situation.
Keywords: Insécurité, éleveur Mbororo, agriculteur, régime foncier, développement régional, nord du Cameroun, Insecurity, Mbororo livestock breeder, farmer, land tenure, regional development, North Cameroon, Inseguridad, ganadero Mbororo, agricultor, desarrollo regional, Norte del Camerún