Documents found
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16491.More information
Urban and regional planning is frequently making use of the idea of public space; but, its actual social and political impact is very much debated. A geographical approach can help in clarifying the major aspects which are constraining its use. First, we note that the idea of public space rests on a set of myths which are related to the ideas of modernity, justice, democracy, rationality and the self. However, public space does not operate according to mythical modalities, because it requires norms and rules which draw on the rationality of the subject. Furthermore, it is not a space without material, social or cultural characteristics. On the contrary, it is a place which is both material and immaterial and which draws on imagination and on the narrative activity of the subject.
Keywords: espace public, normes, mythe, imaginaire, culture, public space, norms, myth, imagination, culture
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16492.More information
This article examines the place given to and the role of “sensitive” elements (that is, of the senses but also of attachment, of what “makes sense” and is valued) in projects and experiments aiming for an ecological transition within and through food systems, by presenting six case studies located in different regions of France. More precisely, it questions how these attachments can lead audiences a priori unfamiliar with ecological transition to be a part of it, and explores their scope in terms of politicization. It shows that taking into account these attachments offers a counterpoint to technicist and normative approaches of the ecological transition, while also addressing issues of food democracy and food justice. It identifies three paths of politicization, variously combined in the six experiments studied: empowerment, the valorization of practices and/or knowledge, and the formation of collectives. Finally, it suggests that, despite some identified limitations, taking these sensitive dimensions into account favors, under certain conditions, the inclusion and participation of these actors. Moreover, it also offers a means of bringing together the issues of food justice and food democracy with environmental issues, promising enough to warrant further consideration or at least discussion at the policy level of the ecological transition.
Keywords: démocratie alimentaire, justice alimentaire, approches sensibles (attachements), transition écologique, politisation, food democracy, food justice, sensitive approach and attachments, ecological transition, politicization
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16493.More information
This paper presents a study begun in fall 2013 of the conditions, issues and effects of incorporating principles of open innovation and, more particularly, the design and co-design approach, into the development of institutions like public libraries. It first outlines an original pragmatic theory of social design, on the boundary between design and sociology, as the sociology of associations by design. It then presents two action research codesign processes carried out in 2014 as part of City of Montreal library renovation projects.
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16494.More information
AbstractFor nearly 60 years, the nineteenth century colony of the Red River was mainly Franco-Métis. Born of marriages between French Canadian fur traders and Amerindian women, the Métis—or to use the Métis pronunciation “Mitchifs”—believed they were the “New Nation”. Yet, before the end of the century, they were becoming “Canada's forgotten people”. The creation of the Manitoba province in 1870, followed by their defeat at the Battle of Batoche against Canadian forces in 1885, and then the execution of their spiritual and political leader, Louis Riel, for high treason—these events had consequences which led to the dispersion of their communities and the re-identification of many individuals. They disappeared from the public scene until the 1960s, and after this period of “great silence”, they had experienced significant losses: How does a fragmented community, or a community that no longer dares to admit its heritage, hand down its oral tradition? Today, Métis artists are helping their own to celebrate what remains of their cultural core, but entire segments of the collective memory are missing. This article looks at a project aimed at giving back to the Métis community a small part of their heritage.
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16495.More information
AbstractBiotechnology applied to human health is needed today as the founder of the new paradigm research in the pharmaceutical sector. These new technologies are disseminated mostly by SMEs created by researchers from the academic world. These SMEs are real vector technology transfer between academia and the pharmaceutical industry. The development of SMEs strongly depends on the number of cooperation they achieve with all the actors in its supporting environment. Empirical studies show the strong spatial concentration of the creation of innovative companies in the field of biotechnology in human health. In France, these SMEs are located predominantly in the Île-de-France Area. This high concentration of SMEs BASH prompts us to reflect on the impact of location and cooperation on SME development in BASH. This study, covering 60 SMEs BASH in France, will attempt to examine the impact of location choice on the relationship between cooperation and development of SMEs BASH. The results show the importance of the localization in relationship between cooperation and the development of SMEs BASH.
Keywords: Localisation, Biotechnologie, Management des connaissances
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16496.More information
Intuition is a multidisciplinary notion theorized in philosophy, psychology and anthropology. Established entrepreneurs emphasized the role of intuition for business success, yet, intuition is a rather recent topic in entrepreneurial literature. What is the social representation of intuition in the field of entrepreneurship ? What is its relationship with decision-making and behavior of novice and established entrepreneurs ? Social representations influence collective perceptions regarding the desirability and feasibility of entrepreneurship. Media play a central role in the development and circulation of social representations. We studied the social representation of intuition in the French press. We analyzed 700 articles within the database Lexis Nexis, between 5 August 2003 and 5 August 2012. Using discourse analysis, we classified and studied these articles to identify the core elements of the image of intuition in the French public sphere – its occurrence contexts, its sources of enunciation, and its perceived impact on entrepreneurs and their businesses. Our findings have theoretical and practical implications for the development of entrepreneurship sensitization campaigns, as well as for entrepreneurial support and education.
Keywords: Entrepreneuriat, Presse, Intuition, Discours, Entrepreneurship, Press, Intuition, Discourse, Empredimento, Prensa, Intuición, Discurso
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16497.More information
This essay emerges from conversations between an anthropologist and a performance artist from the industrial city of Taranto, in southern Italy—known today to be one of Europe's most polluted cities due to the continent's largest and most hazardous steel factory. By focusing on artist Isabella Mongelli's photographic and theatrical work conducted upon returning to her hometown after years lived abroad, this essay locates the expression of a specific affect coined by Taranto sound artist Alessandra Eramo: la tristezza siderurgica, the sorrow of steel. Tristezza siderurgica yields an ethnographic understanding of the perceptions and representations of homes that have become homely, uncanny, estranged because toxic or otherwise inhospitable. The article shows that the naming of affects contributes to forging specific, perhaps even untranslatable, emotional landscapes. What does it mean to be emotionally laced by the poison of steel? While contemporary texts on the experience of environmental toxicity tend to waver between the material and semiotic/metaphorical as distinct poles, this essay proposes that we braid these oft-polarized terms through the work of ethnography. Through this dialogic process between aesthetics and anthropology, we encounter the ways in which artists have sought to understand ecological crises through a mobilization of the senses, which are crucial for understanding toxicity as it vacillates between visibility and invisibility.
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16498.More information
To undertake a phenomenological approach of the foreigner is to engage in the choice of describing what is indescribable. This difficult seizure of another's strangeness is explained by the difficulty of finding data rigid in space and time for its description. It is an inherent issue to the human being in general, because the identity, that is to say, what singularises the other or constitutes its specificity, escapes any analysis. It is always under construction. The unchanging otherness of any subject is non-synthesizable. Hence, the idea of making an indirect mode of phenomenological description in order to grasp in the foreigner what his strangeness is or his irreducible asymmetry. Acceptance of the foreigner's own freedom allows the other or the self/ego to live with him. Whatever the figure of the foreigner, living together is favored by the development of an ethics of encounter that encourages the integration of this one with his otherness or its transcendence and not the development of communautarism which can bring rivalry between communities.
Keywords: Bambara, phénoménologie, étranger, identité, éthique, intégration, Burkina Faso, Bambara, Phenomenology, Foreigner, Identity, Ethics, Integration, Burkina Faso, Bambara, fenomenología, extranjero (ajeno), identidad, Burkina Faso
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16499.More information
Face masks are well known cultural items within indigenous cultures in Canada and have been collected and displayed as museum items and research material. Such face masks are generally perceived among scholars as a technique for transforming identity either through modification of the representation or as a temporary extinction of identity. For several years Aboriginal Peoples Television Network (APTN) used such masks in an advertisement contest to address stereotypes of aboriginal people in Canada and to educate the Canadian television industry about its viewers. The « Unmask Our Viewers/Our Viewers Unmasked » contest was specifically targeted and designed to inform and educate the media community, or more specifically advertising agents, about APTN's audiences. This paper aims to show how the contest served a function that anthropologist Arjun Appadurai termed « deep democracy ». The practices of deep democracy endeavor to introduce or revive democratic principles in a way that « suggests roots, anchors, intimacy, proximity, and locality ». Such practices and their organization, like APTN, are considered an extension of aboriginal peoples' cultures.
Keywords: Hafsteinsson, médias autochtones, démocratie en profondeur, public, diversité, télévision, Hafsteinsson, Indigenous Media, Deep Democracy, Audience, Diversity, Television, Hafsteinsson, medios de comunicación autóctonos, democracia en profundidad, público, diversidad, televisión
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16500.More information
Nowhere in the Arab world have anxieties about social and cultural change been as intensely discussed as in Saudi Arabia, where the Salafi doctrine of Wahhabiyya at the heart of the Saudi system as a sacrosanct vision of authenticity grounded in cultural and religious purity and gender separation. The advent of « reality television » in the mid-2000s has activated these debates in the kingdom. Notably Star Academy, a popular Arabic-language reality show broadcast by the Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation (LBC) via satellite from Lebanon since December 2003 achieved record Saudi ratings and provoked an intense controversy in Saudi Arabia, emptying city streets and animating mosque sermons, opinion pages, and talk-shows. Elsewhere I have mapped how the show became the locus of a battle between Saudi radicals, conservatives and liberals. This article traces overlapping Saudi-Islamist discourses about television, including various rhetorics of censorship and critical engagement, drawing on a variety of primary texts, most centrally a widely circulated sermon titled Satan Academy by Shaykh Muhammad Saleh Al Munajjid. I focus on how public controversies about reality television has crystallized new episodes of long-standing debates.
Keywords: Kraidy, Arabie saoudite, modernité, authenticité, islam, téléréalité, Kraidy, Saudi Arabia, Modernity, Authenticity, Islam, Reality TV, Kraidy, Arabia saudita, modernidad, autenticidad, islam, tele-realidad