Documents found
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16551.More information
AbstractIn this article, the author examines the temporal dimensions of suicide by taking into account the multiple existing approaches—circadian physiology, psychiatric or sociological epidemiology of suicide—however promoting a socio-anthropological perspective. From this perspective, suicide is examined as a social phenomenon inscribed in time. By beginning with a concern that is characteristic of anthropology of time, knowingly the relation between time of nature and time of society, the author addresses a key issue of the study of suicide already elaborated by Durkheim, in the relation between change that is a basic expression of the passage of time and suicide. After presenting different scientific contributions on the subject, the author proposes an hypothesis allowing integration of the influence of time related to natural phenomenon (cosmobiological rhythms) and the relation of time to social phenomenon (politico-economic rhythms) in relation with suicide and this, according to Gabennesch's theory of “failed promises.”
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16552.More information
AbstractThe exchange of medical and pharmaceutical knowledge was an important facet of the encounter between native and newcomer in early Canada. Throughout New France Récollet and Jesuit missionaries were given privileged access both to indigenous peoples and indigenous plants. Curiously, however, when it came to describing medical treatments, it was people, rather than medicinal plants, that were targets of what might be called “the descriptive enterprise.” Attempting to divide suspect shamanic remedies from those deemed natural, missionary observers carefully documented the context of medical treatments rather than simply the specific remedy applied for treatment. Using records left by early Canadian missionaries this paper will look at the peculiar character of medical exchange in the missions of seventeenth and eighteenth-century New France to look at the interpersonal encounters that formed a constitutive element of colonial botany and framed the way in which indigenous knowledge was represented to metropolitan audiences.
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16553.More information
This essay consists of an analysis, based on the theory and approach of the course of action, of the activity of seven music students in a situation of a simulated orchestra audition. The musicians' adaptation strategies are explored according to the principles of enaction. The auditions that put the musicians into this situation have made it possible to gather significant elementary units (“unités de signification élémentaires, USEs”) through the verbatim coding of the way each musician reacted to the different moments of the simulated audition, and the multitude of adaptation strategies to deal with them. The different macro-sequences that were identified (learning the program, preparing for the audition, the adaptations, and the post-audition experience) all have an influence on the musicians and are perceived in changing ways as the auditions progressed.Following this analysis, strategies are proposed on how to cope with the different situations faced in the audition. This study, borrowing the multidisciplinary course of action method, seeks to bring new knowledge to the management of musical performance.
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16554.More information
This article focuses on the special relationship established during the 1960s and 1970s between French historian Robert Mandrou and a group of, mostly, young historians in Quebec. It seeks to understand the conditions and the scope of this intellectual affinity which had a decisive impact on the evolution of Quebec historiography. The author posits that the relationship between Mandrou and these historians evolved through a series of “intellectual connectors” pertaining both to the French-Canadian reception of the Annales School and the sociability networks that the French historian constructed with Quebec.
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16555.More information
This article examines the funerary rites of the Anicinabek (Algonquins) of Quebec, tracing back their history up to contemporary practices, and focuses on the changes that have forced the Anicinabek to deal with external rules. Today, while many traditions persist, the need to conform to certain norms can sometimes violate Anicinabek customs and beliefs. I describe the issues they face and the adaptations they have developed. By way of conclusion, I recommend that First Nations have greater access to information about their ancestral rights and that the stakeholders in the areas surrounding death be sensitized in order to be more respectful of Aboriginal people.
Keywords: Anicinabek, Algonquins, mort, rituels funéraires, droits, Anicinabek, Algonquins, death, funeral rituals, rights
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16556.More information
AbstractThe bungalow, archetype of the North American architectural landscape, is a pavilion-type house. Thousands of copies of this staple of the suburbs have been built, which has generated, in spite of its standardisation, a landscape particularly varied yet genuinely typical of Quebec.This article (second of two) explores the conditions that led to the rise of the bungalow in Canada since the fifties, to begin to understand the “Quebecisation” of the bungalow, by examining its phenomenal success, the material characteristics of its appropriation, its representations, and the reappropriation of which this antithesis of the historic monument may today seem victim. While the wide range of its eventual appropriations made the bungalow so popular, its survival is now challenged by the same standardised construction that enabled such appropriations, under urban pressure to develop the immediate suburbs it once occupied. Could the ever-present bungalow, a paradoxical mainstay of the 20th century, both unique and multiform, be beginning to pass from view?
Keywords: bungalow, architecture vernaculaire, identité, appropriation, habitat, représentations culturelles, banlieue, bungalow, vernacular architecture, identity, appropriation, housing, cultural representations, suburb
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16557.More information
AbstractArchetype of the North American architectural landscape, the bungalow, this pavilion-type house, thousands of copies of which are a staple of the suburbs, has generated, in spite of its standardisation, a landscape particularly varied yet genuinely typical of Quebec.This article (first of two) explores the conditions of the birth of the bungalow in Canada, since the First World War, to begin to understand the “Quebecisation” of the bungalow, through its phenomenal success, the material characteristics of its appropriation, its representations, and the reappropriation of which this antithesis of the historic monument may today seem victim. If, indeed, the large gamut of its eventual appropriations made the bungalow so popular, its survival is now challenged by the same standardised construction that allowed these appropriations, under urban pressure to develop the immediate outskirts it once occupied. Could the ever-present bungalow, a paradoxical mainstay of our 20th century, both unique and plural, begin to sing the swan song?
Keywords: bungalow, architecture vernaculaire, identité, appropriation, habitat, représentations culturelles, banlieue, bungalow, vernacular architecture, identity, appropriation, housing, cultural representations, suburb
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16558.More information
Never translated until now, this article written by Danielle Juteau was initially published in English in 1995 under the title “(Re)constructing the categories of ‘race' and ‘sex' : The work of a precursor.” This major text proposes an analytical introduction to the sociology of Colette Guillaumin. It meticulously retraces its process, while offering a reading that contextualises its creation and its contributions to the scientific debates of the time, which are still relevant today. In itself, this article constitutes an introduction to the work of Colette Guillaumin, Racism, Sexism, Power, and Ideology. Critical studies in racism and migration, which was published by Routledge. This work stands out, as it gives the English speaking readers an opportunity to discover the work of Colette Guillaumin. It gathers the texts she has written over a period of about twenty years. The brilliant presentation written by Danielle Juteau confirms her in her role of ambassador of the work of Colette Guillaumin, which she has fulfilled for more than forty years for the benefit of the American and European readers.
Keywords: Colette Guillaumin, « Race » et « Sexe », idéologie raciste, classe de sexe, idée de Nature, rapports sociaux d'appropriation, Colette Guillaumin, “Race” and “Sex”, Racist ideology, Sexclass, Idea of Nature, Social relationships of appropriation, Colette Guillaumin, « Raza » y « Sexo », Ideología racista, Clase de sexo, Idea de naturaleza, Relaciones sociales de apropiación
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16559.More information
SummaryThe Kalderash Gypsy /Roma, itinerant life style kraftsmen and traders, work traditionally out of the labor market in Romania. The globalization gives them the opportunity to become « managers » in the aluminium recuperation business. The former complementary masculine and feminine work is replaced by the model of ‘man the breadwinner/woman the housekeeper'. This patriarcal evolution is connected to new ethnic boundary issues more than to the capitalist challenge (women support of productive force). In the light of this ethnographical aspects, the article is a critical view of the feminist theories of sexual division of labour and of patriarchy.
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16560.More information
AbstractWhile the privatization of agriculture took place over a decade ago in Russia, individual farming has yet to take hold. The economic barriers for the lone farmer are almost insurmountable in most cases. In addition, those who attempt entrepreneurial farming and leave the collective must also be willing to symbolically leave the community. While entrepreneurial endeavors might be appealing to some, and the prospect of the market enticing, for others the questionable moral worth of the capitalist economy has yet to prove compelling enough to inspire abandoning the reorganized collective. The emotional economy, which along with material constraints navigates individuals' choices in subsistence practices, is elaborated as an alternative to neoclassical approaches to private property. Many rural inhabitants continue to maintain the collective identity of their agricultural work because it is so tightly interwoven with historic socio-emotional concepts of « work », “life”, and « culture ». Based on over a year of fieldwork on a former collective farm, this paper examines the emotional, material and social complexities of privatization in a Russian village.
Keywords: Gambold, Russie, privatisation, émotions, économie, entreprenariat, Gambold, Russia, privatization, emotion, economy, entrepreneurship, Gambold, Rusia, privatización, emociones, economía, empresariado