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16946.
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16948.More information
Biocultural Community Protocols (BCPs) are environmental governance mechanisms for biodiversity that aim to establish, at the local community level, a normative framework for the central themes discussed in the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity (biodiversity conservation, traditional knowledge, prior and informed access, benefit sharing, agro-biodiversity conservation, etc.). Taking into account the Guna history about the idea of biocultural diversity, but also the specificities of the Guna political system, this article aims to shed light on the local implementation of this type of protocol in the indigenous territory of Guna Yala (Panama). We thus show that, despite the active role played by Gunas experts at the international, national, and regional levels, the Gunas have not adopted BCP's. Due to the pre-existence of research regulation mechanisms in GunaYala, but also to a certain mistrust of global environmental governance, the Guna authorities have for the time being not considered the BCP’s as being relevant enough. Beyond this particular example of unfinished institutionalization, BCPs must be understood as a localized mechanism serving the advancement of the more general idea of biocultural diversity.
Keywords: Guna people, Panama, Convention on Biological Diversity, Indigenous knowledge, community biocultural protocols, environmental governance
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16949.More information
All aspects of work have undergone gradual change, particularly with regard to its nature: manual and/or intellectual. Among the many causes of these changes are technological progress, the development of artificial intelligence, the widespread use of the Internet, and the automation and robotization of activities. These changes have been accompanied by an accelerating decline in manual jobs in certain sectors, particularly manufacturing, while at the same time, in other sectors, there has been a shortage of manpower in jobs with a manual component, and whose performance of tasks involves the mobilization of knowledge and gives rise to practices (know-how) that are often underestimated. These changes have led to organizational transformation decisions being taken, often without sufficient understanding of the knowledge and know-how involved, which is a source of difficulties that it is pertinent to examine through the present article. Firstly, these difficulties are identified and then analyzed in an attempt to understand how, in a so-called knowledge society, workers’ knowledge and know-how can be so ignored. Secondly, we present examples of the knowledge and know-how associated with manual activities, and the problems resulting from processing decisions that did not take them sufficiently into account.
Keywords: Activités de manuelles, Manual activities, manutention, handling, know-how, savoir-faire, transformation, transformation
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16950.