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Anthropology of moralities and ethics has never been a core discipline of anthropology. However, American cultural anthropology and British functionalist anthropology have shown great interest for moral values and moralities in the first half of the twentieth century. In the past decades, anthropology of ethics has emerged in the context of transdisciplinary concerns for freedom, agency, subjectivity, reflexivity, and moral traditions. But what is at stake in ethics and moralities? Building on multiple definitions and classical epistemological assumptions in anthropology of moralities, this paper addresses important issues related to the definition of both an anthropology of moralities and an anthropology of ethics, considered, not as independent research fields, but as complementary perspectives on moral foundations of social practices and individual choices.
Keywords: Massé, anthropologie, éthique, moralité, liberté, relativisme, raisonnement moral, traditions, Massé, Anthropology, Ethics, Moralities, Liberty, Relativism, Moral Reasoning, Traditions, Massé, antropológica, ética, moralidad, libertad, relativismo, razonamiento moral, tradiciones
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Anthropologists have long been inculcated to employ «methodological atheism» in their study of the exotic religions of other peoples. Such an approach no longer seems appropriate for the kinds of fieldwork being done today. I briefly examine the causes of this «tectonic shift» in anthropology, as well as its consequences for field studies of religion. Following this, I explore the new possibilities that are opening up with the emergence of what certain authors call «post-secular» anthropology, among them, a new dialogue with theology.