Documents found
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92.More information
Political representation in algeria between clientelistic mediation and predation (1997-2002)Based on semi-directive interviews with 50 currents Algerian member of Parliament in service, the aim of this article is to build a few hypotheses for a sociology of political representation of June 1997 election. In this analytical framework, it seeks to show that beneath the broken off political game that was central to these elections, there is a social game in which individuals and social groups, party machines, local and central authorities, formal and informal bodies, intermediaries and election brokers carry out a transaction, a social and symbolic exchange over electoral supply, in the melting pot of clientelist relations. The article seeks to prove that much of the parties' capture of the parliamentarians and their election depends on social capital and/or the art of the mobilization of the primordial links. Caught in relations of « reciprocal predation » between State and society that are expressed in the repertory of political clientelism, the Algerian deputies thus become agents of clientelistic mediation.
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94.More information
This article takes a contemporary look at the practice of self-portraiture by three artists from Morocco: Hicham Benohoud, Mehdi-Georges Lahlou and Zakaria Ramhani. The career trajectories of these creators illustrate the various dynamics of institutional opposition and integration mechanisms that belong to the new geographies of art, in the era of globalization. The article's goal is to investigate the manner in which individual, local and global concerns are expressed in their understanding of an imaginary projection of corporality. The works are studied through the lens of local characteristics particular to the artist's Maghreb-Muslim culture. In the first section, the artists' careers, in relation to their training and the places where they have exhibited their work, are presented in tandem with the paradoxes of globalization. It is thus specified that if the artists were trained primarily in the West or made their careers there to achieve international success, it can be attributed to a lack of support from the Moroccan artistic scene, but also to the difficult access to the international art world for artists coming from the art scenes of the Maghreb. In the second part, we postulate that the artists' self-portraits attest to the different issues related to Maghreb-Muslim culture, such as the current socio-political situation in Morocco and the Islamic ban on representation. Lastly, we maintain that these self-portraits are a wider reflection of the varied concerns that transcend the borders of the Maghreb, as the artists reflect on the meeting of the Eastern and Western worlds.
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96.More information
During the Duvalier regime (1957-1986), many Haitian children had difficulty gaining access to basic social services. As a result, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) from the North began supporting Haitian communities through development projects. These projects target a variety of audiences, including children. However, these development projects as a whole are criticized by many researchers for the inequalities they entail. In particular, development projects in the children's sector, set up thanks to this aid, also conceal inequalities that are detrimental to the recipient communities. With these conclusions in mind, we interviewed fifteen (15) local Haitian stakeholders on their understanding of the power relations that run through children's development projects. We analyzed seven project documents, two codes of conduct and several internal policy documents from the three NGOs involved in our research. The results of this research carried out in 2021 showed that the operation of NGOs in the North leads to social and economic inequalities and injustices towards local Haitian workers and their work. Because of the inequalities in these projects, the latter face difficulties in their work. Despite these various difficulties, they demonstrate their agentivity within NGOs and with project beneficiaries by proposing and implementing inclusive interventions.
Keywords: projets de développement, ONG du Nord, intervenant.e.s locaux.ales, inégalités, inclusion, development projects, Northern NGOs, local stakeholders, inequality, inclusion
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97.More information
The Russian health system's inefficiency stems from inherited systemic features of the socialist economy and from resource limitations. The objective of introducing compulsory health insurance in 1993 was to increase funding to a sector that used to be considered "residual" and to cope with regional disparities in health care. Contributions from firms were to provide coverage for wage-earners, and budget transfers for persons not in the labour force. Everywhere in the country, regional health funds have had trouble retrieving contributions, and the state budget for health has been cut. In the transition context, given falling living standards and the difficulty of balancing local and federal budgets, firms have continued providing welfare services. Hence, the gap in health care between workers in such firms and the rest of the population is growing, as are local disparities in health care.
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