Documents found
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41.More information
François RaillonThe year 2003 in Indonesia was characterized by an attempt to overcome social restlessness and political strife through a "security approach". Megawati's presidency was more assertive due to her strenuous battle to curb insecurity in various ways: imposing martial law in Aceh, waging a local war on terrorism especially after the Marriott bombing, and leading a more active foreign policy. These efforts at stabilizing Indonesia were meant to prepare for the general and presidential elections in 2004, and improve the chances of the current head of state to be reelected. However, the army seemed intent to reemerge as a political force, while Golkar, the former party of general Soeharto, was making a political comeback. Megawati Soekarnoputri tried to deal with these challenges by using a strong hand, and courting a public opinion that is turning more conservative. Presenting facts and analyses, this articles conveys the changing moods of 2003, which may portend the end of reformasi and a return to authoritarianism.
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The Albanian Question, by Hans StarkIn the South of the Balkan Peninsula where it has long served as a buffer state between powers, Albania, the only European country with a Muslim majority, plays a central role in a dominantly Othodox and hostile environment. Albania's borders were drawn up (in the 1913 Treaty of London) according to geopolitical rather than ethnie criteria. With Albanians spread out over five states it seems unlikely that the simple désire of Ramiz Alia's government for integration will be sufficient to curb Albanese irredentism. Whilst the thorny question of Kosovo, Northern Epirus and minorities remain unanswered Albania's relations with its neighbours, especially Greece and Serbia, cannot be 'normalized'. In addition to being the poorest country in Europe, Albania has the highest birth rate in the Balkans and will, until these problems are solved, constitute an important factor of instability for the whole region.
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One characterized by its insularity and remoteness from major sea trade routes, the Pacific Ocean region is becoming a focal point of international relations. Since the end of the Second World War, a complex and multifaceted multilateral architecture was implemented, resulting in the creation of multiple multilateral institutions. Numerous regional powers also exert a growing influence by addressing bilateral and minilateral policies towards Pacific Island countries. The emergence of the Indo-Pacific framework, a new concept in international relations adopted by many regional powers, questions the significance of the Pacific Ocean region within this new geopolitical landscape.
Keywords: Pacifique océanien, multilatéralisme, Indo-Pacifique, relations internationales, géopolitique, Pacific Ocean, multilateralism, Indo-Pacific, international relations, geopolitics
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AbstractIdentifying and disrupting the mechanisms through which terrorism is financed are key elements in the European Union overall efforts to combat terrorism. As controls of money movements using financial institutions have been increasingly tightened other alternatives are used (physical transfer of cash funds…). A complete list of the specific actions carried out by the Union would be too extensive. Nevertheless it is necessary to mention the European Arrest Warrant, the creation of joint investigation task forces; the drawing up of a common list of terrorist organisations ; the use of the possibilities offered by eurojust and by europol ; and the approval of a Protocol to the Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters between the Member states
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A. Lambert — Guinean Businessmen.Having emerged during Seku Ture's government, Guinean businessmen have been able to react to the liberalization carried out since 1984. By using criteria such as trade networks, traders' financial capacities and control over the Guinean market, an October 1990 study of rice importers has discerned three groups: "out-side" Guinean businessmen, foreign businessmen and "inside" Guinean traders who have never left the country. These operators, who have kept the liberalization policy from bearing expected results (in particular, opening the country up to competition), have shared out zones of influence among themselves. Foreign businessmen have been eliminated from distribution within the country; and "outside" Guinean businessmen are involved therein only insofar as they are partners with "inside" traders, who control not only distribution but also re-exportation toward neighboring lands.