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63.More information
This article explores the role of local participatory financing (LPF) in the emergence of effectual entrepreneurship in the Sahelo-Saharan context. It is based on an ethnographic study conducted in fourteen villages in northern Burkina Faso. Faced with the limitations of conventional financing, which is often inaccessible to local entrepreneurs, this research examines how rural communities propose an autonomous development model based on both their endogenous resources and collective dynamics. The theoretical framework used is effectuation (Sarasvathy, 2001). The results reveal that the effectual approach promotes economic empowerment, strengthens solidarity networks, and reduces dependence on exogenous financing. Furthermore, contrary to critiques regarding the lack of strategic vision in effectuation, this study demonstrates that Sahelian communities develop an adaptive entrepreneurial governance, combining progressive coconstruction and opportunistic structuring. The article contributes to debates on the hybridization of entrepreneurial models in the African context. From a managerial perspective, it calls for rethinking support mechanisms by valuing local solutions and collective resilience.
Keywords: Entrepreneuriat effectual, Financement participatif de proximité (FPP), Communautés entreprenantes, Gouvernance communautaire, Résilience sahélienne, Effectual entrepreneurship, Local participatory financing, Entrepreneurial communities, Community governance, Sahelian resilience
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66.More information
Following the Soviet Union's breakup in 1991, health infrastructures have decayed, and the new states have been poorly managed. The social and political situation in central Asia has worsened with, as a result, an increased use of intravenous drugs. As a consequence of globalization, areas that used to produce for local use are now supplying the international market. Narcotrafficking has become a major source of funds for radical and terrorist groups, and is fueling conflicts in southern parts of the former Soviet Union. In this institutional vacuum, the central Asian population has been taken hostage by the narcotic trade, which has a major impact on society and health. Growing addiction probably portends an HIV/ AIDS epidemic in this region. It is urgent to start dealing with the risks for the local population.
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70.More information
In 1975, Benoît Mandelbrot coined the term fractal. Some forms, he argues, originating in the natural world – snowflakes, coastlines, galaxies – as irregular and chaotic as they may seem, present complex, iterative and homothetic geometric rules and models : their patterns exhibit a strict resemblance and are repeated indefinitely. Transposed into the literary domain, fractals are declined in a thousand and one ways : as a structuring motif, a theme or a background, or metaphorically. This paper proposes to delimit the contours of this figure, to establish its similarity to and difference from literary devices such as mise en abyme, for example, and to examine how it is exploited in French literature – what are its uses, what roles is it called upon to play and on what levels (diegetic, poetic, structural), etc.