Documents found
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91.More information
Following the August 1968 Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia, 11,200 Prague Spring refugees were resettled in Canada. This movement included many experienced professionals and skilled tradespeople. This article examines how these refugees navigated language training and barriers to employment, including professional accreditation, and examines how this experience shaped bureaucratic and public views of refugee integration. The focus of this article is primarily on resettlement and integration efforts in Ontario, since roughly half of the Prague Spring refugees were permanently resettled in the province. The article outlines how, as part of its efforts to help the refu- gees with their economic and social integration, Canadian officials provided assisted passage, initial accommodations, help with securing Canadian employment, and English- or French-language training. Prague Spring refugees navigated professional obstacles, including securing accreditation of their foreign credentials and underemployment in their respective fields. Their successful resettlement and integration depended on intergovernmental cooperation between Canada and its provinces, and the assistance provided by local Czech and Slovak communities across the country.
Keywords: Canada, Immigration, Prague Spring Refugees, Czechs, Slovaks, Resettlement, Integration
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92.More information
Overtime hours are a non-negligeable part of the total amount of hours worked in Canada, Quebec and Ontario. The potential for transforming overtime hours into full time jobs also appears to be significant. Nevertheless, there are very few studies on this subject in Canada, and specifically in Quebec and Ontario. This article seeks to remedy this gap, at least in part. The authors first describe the overall picture of overtime work in Quebec, Canada and some other western countries. They also summarize the studies done on this topic in Canada and in Quebec. The authors then look at overtime work in ail the industries in Canada, Quebec and Ontario for the period 1975-1984. The phenomenon is first dealt with globally and then according to status in the labor market, sex and profession. In conclusion, the possibilities for transforming overtime hours into full time jobs are examined. It appears that two aspects of the phenomenon under study seem to limit the possibilities for converting overtime hours into new full time jobs.First, when a worker doing some overtime is a part-time worker, he/she does more overtime than when he/she is a full-time worker. From the total of overtime hours that could be turned into full-time jobs, we first have to substract those which are done by part-time workers. It is clear that many part-time employees are willing to do a lot of overtime hours; it is also clear that many of them would prefer to be full-time workers. So, before it is possible to generate new full-time jobs out of overtime hours, we have to consider the obligation of converting a large number of part-time jobs into full-time jobs.Secondly, when a worker does some overtime, one out of three times, in Quebec as well as in Ontario, he/she holds a managerial position or he/she is a professional. This kind of overtime work is not one that is likely to be changed into full-time jobs.Therefore, we may well think that in order to generate new full-time jobs it is worth considering the restriction of overtime hours; but we must also remember that the project of reducing the number of overtime hours in order to create new full-time jobs is one burdened with its own limitations.
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93.
Models for Recording Age in 1692-1851 Canada: The Political-Cognitive Functions of Census Statistics
More informationABSTRACTAs a number of recent studies have emphasized, it is relevant to examine official statistics not just merely to assess the accuracy of historical data, but also in their own right, as political-cognitive devices which, by providing a standard to measure things, allow for an agreement regarding their objective existence and, therefore, the possibility to act upon them. In this paper, we focus on the different manners according to which, prior to the modern census era, ages of respondents were classified. Four different models emerge from this analysis, which in each case can be related to a specific political and social context.
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95.More information
SummaryThe present study compares the occupational trajectories of highly skilled immigrants in regulated occupations to those outside of the regulated occupations, from their pre-migration occupation, to their first job in Canada, and to subsequent jobs. Licensing requirements are likely to affect new immigrants' occupational trajectories since they have a direct effect on how employers assess qualifications. This study utilizes growth curve modeling (GCM) and a unique dataset that contains detailed information on new immigrants' experiences in Canada: the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC).Our findings indicate that immigrants working in regulated occupations prior to migration who are unable to find jobs in regulated occupations in Canada face a significantly greater drop in occupational status when they first arrive than those working in unregulated professions in their home country. Furthermore, their occupational progression over time is not faster than that of their counterparts from unregulated professions. Those who worked in unregulated fields prior to migration but found jobs in regulated fields in Canada experience an improvement in their occupational status after migration. Lastly, for those who worked in regulated professions in their home country and were able to find jobs within regulated fields in Canada, initial occupational status scores are similar to their scores in their country of origin, and there is little change in occupational status with time in Canada.The results of this study highlight the importance of ensuring that the licensing process is made easier to navigate for new immigrants. Our findings clearly indicate that immigrants who are able to successfully enter a regulated profession soon after migration fare much better in terms of occupational status than those who are unable to become licensed.
Keywords: highly-skilled immigrants, occupational licensing, immigrant integration, occupational mobility, immigrants hautement qualifiés, reconnaissance des titres professionnels, intégration des immigrants, mobilité professionnelle, inmigrantes altamente calificados, reconocimiento de títulos profesionales, integración de inmigrantes, movilidad profesional
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97.More information
This paper explores how Canada's full commitment to the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAS) could provide a further recourse for monitoring, protecting and promoting Indigenous rights in Canada. Presenting the Americas as a united continent, it emphasizes how reconceptualising what it means to “be American” can help Canadians think about their connection, comprehension and acceptance of this regional system. This paper examines the Canadian government's historical disinterest in the IAS and establishes this as the primary reason for its current lack of commitment. It argues that Canada's ratification of the American Convention on Human Rights and recognition of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights jurisdiction would positively impact the rights of Indigenous peoples living within its borders. It concludes by highlighting a Canadian initiative that is working towards making Canada a better player in the IAS and contends that the Canadian government should follow their lead.
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100.More information
Interprovincial transport links in Canada are under the jurisdiction of the federal government, according to the provisions of the British North America Act (1867). Only in the field of road transport do the provincial governments have the possibility of taking part in interprovincial transport regulation. It is unlikely that the federal government's proposals on constitutional reform will change the current structure of interprovincial transport links. On the other hand, in the event that the Québec electorate chooses to back the provincial government's proposal for political sovereignty, along with economic association with English-speaking Canada, there might be considerable changes in the transport patterns between Québec and the rest of Canada. In the light of the current role of transport in Québec's trans-border links, it is the purpose of this paper to examine the possibility of such changes.
Keywords: Transports, Québec, Canada, régime fédéral, souveraineté-association, liaisons transfrontalières, Transportation, Québec, Canada, federal regime, sovereignty-association, trans-border links