Documents found
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112301.More information
AbstractThe transition to Catholicism in Pelly Bay is usually described as a successful conquest of a pagan terra nullius, a process in which Inuit played only a passive role. In fact, there was already a nucleus of Catholics in Pelly Bay when the first missionary arrived. Inuit invited him to come and stay with them. This article describes the early years of the transition to Catholicism, as well as some religious, political and economic factors that played a part in this process. Missionary sources reveal that Inuit were by no means passive consumers, but active participants with their own interests and agendas. The missionaries appear to have been more concerned with the containment of the westward expansion of Anglicanism than the survival of paganism. Although the missionaries assumed leadership roles in many fields, they were often not aware of the extent to which Inuit continued traditional practices outside the scope of the missionaries. Moreover, many traditional practices were integrated into Christianity. Within the context of the Catholic Church, Inuit developed their own form of religiosity responding to their existential and cultural needs.
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112302.More information
Alternative dispute resolution methods constitute a substitute option to help people that have been neglected by a State justice system (ordinary or transitional), considering studies on such State justice systems demonstrate that they can be slow, costly and unaffordable. For this reason, Rwanda adopted the community-oriented alternative justice model of Gacaca jurisdictions. Colombia also has its own alternative justice system in place to resolve low-intensity social conflicts, such as the indigenous jurisdictions and the Justices of the Peace and Conciliation. Therefore, one may reasonably ask the following questions: firstly, is alternative justice an efficient instrument to resolve conflicts concerning a violation of mandatory rules of law, or does it remain a mechanism designed to resolve low-intensity conflicts concerning exclusively optional rules? Secondly, could the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the International Criminal Court validate an alternative justice system in Colombia, such as Gacaca justice in Rwanda?
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112303.More information
Data from a 1989 survey ofover 600 middle-level managers in a large Canadian corporation were analyzed to examine the characteristics of jobs held by career-family and career-primary men and women. Hypotheses were developed based on human capital theory, statistical discrimination theory, and gender role congruence theory. Examining career outcomes suggested that participation in household labor had a significantly more negative association with men's hierarchical level than with women's. Implications for theory and suggestions for research are discussed.
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112304.More information
Relying on the procedural mechanism of judicial notice, the Appeals Chamber of the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) released a decision in the Prosecutor v. Karemera case that relieves the prosecution of the burden of producing evidence proving that the horrific events in Rwanda meet the legal requirements of genocide. This paper traces the origins and development of the doctrine of judicial notice in international criminal law so as to examine the Appeals Chamber's decision and its implications. Traditionally, facts that go to legal conclusions or to the elements of the crime with which the accused is charged have been deemed prohibited subjects for this efficiency-producing mechanism. Because a finding of genocide is a legal conclusion, the author argues that judicial notice of genocide violates the procedural rights of the accused by barring defence submissions on the definition of this legal conclusion. The author continues by arguing that the Appeals Chamber has violated the substantive rights of the accused by pushing the doctrine of judicial notice beyond its proper limits and thereby shrinking the protections afforded by the fundamental rights enshrined in the Tribunal's Statute. While it is imperative that the Tribunal punish the perpetrators of the heinous crimes committed in Rwanda, it is nonetheless essential that the ICTR conduct proceedings in a manner that safeguards the procedural and substantive rights of the accused. To this end, the author suggests other means by which the Tribunal could have promoted efficiency and justice without violating the rights of the accused.
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112305.
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112306.More information
AbstractABSTRACTThe Logic of Exchanges in thé Context of thé Inuit Winter FeastsThis article compares winter feasts of thé Baffin Island Inuit in order to show how they can be related within thé same Field of Anthropological Study. After having outlined thé gift-giving relationships enacted at each stage of a southern ceremony, thèse are compared with those in northern cérémonies. We then discuss thé manner in which reciprocal obligations between humans and spirits are created in Tivajuut as well as their spécifie properties with regards to anthropological models concerning gift-giving, more specially that of Marcel Mauss.Key words : Blaisel, Oosten, Inuit, Native people, feast, gift, ritual, symbolic System, method, Mauss
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112307.More information
This paper empirically analyzes and evaluates the effect of the consequences linked to the existence of Central Africa's countries national borders on its internal trade. From the pseudo-maximum likelihood method, we estimate a theoretically grounded gravity equation. Ceteris paribus, on average from 1995 to 2010 in Central Africa, our results show that the bad quality of bilateral infrastructure, the small size of nations and wealth differences between pairs of countries, linked to the existence of national borders, reduce the bilateral trade respectively by 15%, 26% and 19%. They also show that these factors account for part of the level of border effect mentioned in the literature. These results are robust to the type of sector concerned, to diversification, to exchange rate volatility, to armed conflict and the change of distance measure.
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112308.More information
ABSTRACTFollowing the demise of the Bretton Woods system, the poor predictive value of traditional elasticity models of exchange rates rekindled interest in the theoretical relationship between exchange rates and prices of internationally traded goods. This paper provides a critical survey of the emerging theoretical and empirical literature in exchange rate pass-through with the objective of offering guidance for future research.
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112309.More information
This case study explored the need for culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP) in Saudi Arabian higher education, especially when students have a cultural background that differs from that of their instructor. The study documented how expatriate teachers structured their pedagogical practices in the Saudi Arabian context. It examined how these university teachers attempted to proactively accommodate students' needs, prior experiences and performance, and how they promoted academic progress while teaching in a different culture. Six themes were revealed: (1) the challenges of constructivism in the Saudi Arabian context; (2) linking pedagogy to the lives of Saudi students; (3) alternating and adjusting teaching to address student needs; (4) connecting with students'; (5) discrepancies in teachers' beliefs; and (6) teachers' assumptions and expectations about knowledge. It is argued that CRP offers opportunities for better learning experiences for Saudi students. Through CRP, learning can be made more meaningful and can help in the development of a positive student identity. Some pedagogical strategies are offered to help teachers implement CRP.
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112310.More information
AbstractAboriginal people's responses to globalization have been varied and complex. This paper looks at one particular expression of globalism (contact-era epidemics among the Coast Salish of southwestern BC and northwestern Washington) and situates it within the context of earlier regional catastrophes as understood through legendary stories. In this way the paper reframes one of the standard interpretive paradigms of the field – that the epidemics were unprecedented and that they represented perhaps the most significant “break” in Indigenous history. The article shows the ways in which Coast Salish communities and individuals coped with disasters. It concludes that ancient stories provided people with precedents that then shaped their response to globalism. The article also illustrates the ways in which historians can learn from Indigenous modes of history, in which genealogies, myth-ages stories, and specific places play crucial roles.