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112634.More information
This paper describes the specific nature of proceedings to quash decisions of local authorities under a number of provisions in Québec statutes. Similar provisions exist in the law of other Canadian provinces. Paying relatively scant attention to the historical background of such procedures, the paper highlights the limitations and deficiencies inherent in them. Not all interested parties may bring them ; not all decisions of local authorities may be reviewed in this way ; not all remedies are open to be sought, especially those of a monetary nature; and fairly stringent time-limits apply to them. Taken together, these constraints disclose the true nature of such proceedings : they are an additional safeguard given to ratepayers as specially interested parties, to broaden the access to judicial review of actions by local authorities. These constraints also explain to a large extent why the existence of that additional avenue of recourse has not materially affected the use of general administrative-law remedies, whether direct and offensive such as actions to annul or declarations, or indirect and defensive such as evocation or exception on grounds of illegality.
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112635.
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112637.More information
This article develops an interpretive model aimed at explaining the general dynamic and the various factors influencing the conflict between the Abkhazian secessionists and the Georgian State. We examine the roles of the main actors involved in the conflict. We establish the interrelations between the evolving roles of these actors, the development of the conflict and the various attempts to resolve it. We demonstrate the extent to which the Abkhazian crisis is an integral part of the movement in favour of ethnic political identity which has affected the territory of the former Soviet Union. In this perspective, the evolution of Post-Soviet Russia (in both internal and external) affairs) has played a leading role, principally in the organization of Russia's relations with the New States. Finally, we analyse the relations between Georgia's internal and external policies. These policies are to great extent defined in terms of Georgia's relations with Russia and Europe as well as the evolution of the Abkhazian conflict.
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112638.More information
The purpose of this article is to analyse the ideological foundations underlying present day globalization discourse and to shed light on some of their latent meanings. The main perspectives of globalization suggest certain sociohistorical tendencies which mil be analysed by way of four theoretical frameworks. Our own acceptation of globalizing phenomena proposes an historical perspective whose objective has been the analysis of a tendency which considers globalization in terms of the recurring accumulation of international economic exchange flow centered around constantly renewed goods. The liberal current focuses on, and seeks to interpret the meaning of novel managerial dynamics in which are lodged interactions between business and the State. The sociological perspective is concerned with the social beginnings of the economic phenomena subsumed in the two preceding trends in order to situate them as a consequence of the agent's individual and collective reflexive processes. Finally, our theorizing process includes a critical dimension which means to evaluate the scope attained by globalization discourse as affected by other thought currents and seeks to relativize its already excessive propensity to create norms. In the end we propose a framework allowing for the centering of the analysis of these debates stemming first from two philosophical doctrines, and second, from two more pragmatic attitudes.
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112639.More information
Presidents and chiefs of Governments have always met themselves in interstate relationships. Originally, these meetings were organized to solve military questions but, at the beginning of the 19th century, international summits have been the object of a wide development. This is today the normal way of meeting between presidents who want to coordinate their strategy. International summits appear as an alternative of international organizations in various fields as disarmament, peace keeping or economic international relationships. But international summits are also the consecration of the leadership of the most powerful States who spread their domination on the other States on which they impose their own vision of international relationships. The G7 is a good illustration of this situation and one can even wonder whether it has become an economic Security Council. International summits have in fact a double function on both institutional and normative point of view : they replace international organizations and they are at the origin of the adoption of international conventions. They could also realize an equilibrium in front of the power of certain States.