Documents found
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115971.More information
“Rite of Passage” describes a court case raised by an android/artificial intelligence who wishes to apply for citizenship but can only do so if recognized as a human. Among others, the case exposes the vague definition of the term “human”, and the trouble of supplying evidence of sentience or consciousness even in humans. The ethical problems involved in the story can be ascribed to many actual events, among them the recent debate on splicing monkey and human DNA for the sake of producing hybrids with organs suitable for transplantation. The story also touches upon ethical conflicts with regards to endangered wildlife, global warming, media exploitation, commodification, and labor unions.
Keywords: android, artificial intelligence, climate fiction, commodification, consciousness, global warming, geoengineering, citizenship, human rights, android, intelligence artificielle, fiction climatique, commodification, conscience, réchauffement climatique, géoingénierie, citoyenneté, droits humains
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115973.More information
This article reviews the decision of the Quebec Court of Appeal in the Turcotte case, which set aside the first verdict of not criminally responsible in 2013. After highlighting the relative indeterminacy of the criteria which govern the power of intervention of the courts in this field, the author explains the deficiencies of several of the arguments underlying the judgment. In addition to the Court of Appeal's failure to take into account the polysemous nature of the notion of voluntary act in Canadian law when it characterizes intoxication, the author argues that it failed to do justice to the unprecedented factual framework for the case, notably by ignoring the determining role of the suicidal crisis in the unfolding of events. Finally, the author argues that the court substituted itself for the trial judge in assessing the facts and wrongly allowed the prosecution to make substantial changes to its initial argument at the time of the appeal.
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115975.More information
Cataloging documents taken from the Internet is truly challenging. Several projects undertaken in the United States, such as OCLC Internet Resources and Intercat Project, the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), and the OCLC Dublin Core Project, helped to identify major problems. Tools such as URCs, URNs and PURLs were developed to assist cataloguers in bringing order to the chaos of Internet. The article describes those projects and tools used to identify the problems encountered by cataloguers in the course of their work. Finally, the levels of competency required by cataloguers in the future and their role in establishing standards for information exchange in the Internet community are briefly discussed.
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115976.More information
The family approach has been reported to be the most efficient in drugs and alcohol comsume, mental disorders and misbehaviour among children and adolescents. It has important consequences on the families and their children and allows a type of intervention leading to the promotion of protection factors and the reduction of risk factors and misbehaviour patterns. This work sheds light on the process of adaptation of the Strengthening Families Program in Spain (Orte et al., 2006) and the outcomes of the application of the Program of Family Competences until 2011. The work also shows the results of the longitudinal analysis done in 2012, reporting the maintenance and middle term effects of the participation to the program.
Keywords: prévention, dépendances, compétences familiales, prevention, addiction, family competences, prevención, abusivo, competencia familiar
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115977.More information
AbstractThis paper uses a case study of class struggle in the late-eighteenth-century Newfoundland fishery to examine the relationship between merchant capital and the employment of wage labour in staple production in early colonial development. Using a modified version of the staple model which emphasises the role of the class relations and institutional structures of staple industries on long-term development, it finds that British regulation of wages to protect the migratory fishery stymied the extensive employment of wage labour by resident planters. Evidence drawn from court records suggests that fishing servants used the law to prevent erosion of wages due from planters at the end of a fishing season by ignoring mandatory preseason contracts or account overcharges. Servants enjoyed less, but still formidable, success in winning suits brought about by masters for neglect. By using wage law beyond the intentions of its British makers, servants forced planters increasingly to rely on family labour rather than wage labour. The struggles of wage labourers with their employers, rather than merchant conservatism as such, contributed to Newfoundland's long-term domination by merchant truck with fishing families.
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115978.More information
This paper is merely a first approach to the core material found in the report entitled (in French) : Transformation du travail et devenir du droit du travail en Europe [Our Translation : Transformations in Labour and Evolving Labour Law in Europe J. It is also referred to as the « Supiot Report», which provides the framework for this study, its main themes and lines of thought, plus orientations extrapolated from the preceding that enable the reader to become generally familiar with the main aspects of the report. The authors, a group of legal, economic and sociological experts of varied origins from countries in the European Union, address the key issue of what the future may hold for labour. Far from being a document limited to the place where drafted, its contents encompasses the many labour related issues found in occidental systems, thereby making it possible to share in the problems raised and the proposed analyses.
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115980.More information
The financing of small businesses (SBs) remains a key concern, which this article addresses through the study of the poorly addressed topic of the financing decision through the demand-side. The article is based on the importance of the role of the manager as a decision maker. Taking a step aside from the work in classical entrepreneurial finance, this research focuses on the building of the decision, and is based on a processual approach. To this end, the theoretical framework is based on the initial hypothesis of a manager's choice based on a proxemic logic. Seven cases are then studied empirically to explore this hypothesis, using developments from strategic decision-making in SMEs. The results reveal the existence of a behavioral spectrum ranging from proactivity to an opportunistic wait-and-see attitude among executives of SMEs. Decision-making can be modeled in four fundamental stages. They also show a limitation of the historical three-dimensional model to study the financing decision in SMEs. Finally, they suggest embracing the proxemics approach as a heuristic for small business management, particularly with respect to financing decisions.
Keywords: Financement, Petite entreprise, Demande, Proximité, Étude de cas, Financing, Small business, Demand-side, Proximity, Case study, Financiación, Pequeña empresa, Demanda, Proximidad, Estudio de caso