Documents found
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115981.More information
Our research attempts to shed light on a specific set of practices of owner-manager within microfirms (less than five employees) in the area of information systems (IS). In these very small-sized companies, as we know, resources are scarce and IS very little formalized. Also, the owner-manager has a prominent role in setting the IT policy as well as in implementing it. In this respect, recent studies underline the relevance of the concept of bricolage as a pertinent tool for analyzing this kind of environment. Our research tackles these issues by exploring further how owner-managers implement and use information technology through the prism of organizational bricolage. Based on 56 semi-directive interviews with owner-managers, our qualitative analysis shows two types of bricolage : the « necessity bricolage » and the « strategic bricolage ». These categories differ in the way owner-managers perceive the technology, their personal aspirations and strategic goals, and the mode of IT skills acquisition (in-house or outsourced).
Keywords: Microfirmes, Bricolage organisationnel, Systèmes d'information, Dirigeant, Bricolage de nécessité, Bricolage stratégique, Microfirms, Organizational bricolage, Information systems, Manager, Necessity bricolage, Strategic bricolage, Micro-empresas, Bricolaje organizacional, Sistema de información, Dirigente, Bricolaje por necesidad, Bricolaje estratégico
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115982.More information
The objective of this work consists in studying the impact of the financial constraints on the innovative behaviour in small and medium-sized enterprises. We start from the methodology of Fazzari Hubbard and Petersen (1988) which supposes that in a context of asymmetry of information, the sensitivity of the investment to an indicator of the internal wealth of the firm involves the existence of financial constraints. The results of a study obtained by a Logit model, done on a sample of 117 small and medium-sized firms show a positive and significant impact of the cash-flow on the innovative investment what implies a sensibility of the innovation to the internal resources which further confirms that the innovative SMEs are financially constrained. Other investigations reveal a more important sensitivity for the enterprises involved in research and development activities, as they are more exposed to the constraints as for the access to the external financing.
Keywords: Innovation, Contraintes financières, Structure financière, PME, Cash-flow, Innovation, Financial constraints, Financial structure, SMEs, Cash-flow, Innovación, Restricciones financieras, Estructura financiera, PyME, Flujo de fondos
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115983.More information
Based on a multilevel analysis, this study explores the impact of classes and schools on the mathematics performance of 4th grade elementary students in two cities of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It reveals that, out of the total variance, 71%, 16% and 13% are situated at student, classroom and school levels, respectively. The study further shows that beyond the effect of individual characteristics, class characteristics explain 2.9% of the variance situated at class level and 3.4% of the variance located at school level. However, only the pretest class average and class size are significantly associated with student performance. The study finally shows that if school characteristics explain 1.5% of the variance situated at school level, the principal's experience stands for the unique significant predictor of students' performance.
Keywords: effet-école, effet-classe, effet de composition, performances en mathématiques, analyse multiniveau, République démocratique du Congo, school effect, class effect, composition effect, mathematics performance, multilevel analysis, Democratic Republic of the Congo, efeito-escola, efeito-classe, efeito de composição, desempenhos em matemática, análise multinível, República Democrática do Congo
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115984.More information
ABSTRACTA game theoretic approach for formulating simultaneous equations models for dummy endogenous variables is proposed and applied to a study of husband/wife labor force participation. A distinctive feature of our approach is that the simultaneous model is derived from optimizing behavior as an outcome of a game between two players. The equilibrium concept used is that of Nash. In addition, we show that the logical consistency conditions implied by usual simultaneous equation models with structural shift actually rules out simultaneity for the problem we consider; in our model, no logical consistency conditions are implied on the parameters.
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115986.More information
AbstractThis article is an abridged version of a document presented by the author at the World Conference on Employment held in Geneva in 1976. The study deals successively with the role of transnational enterprises in the production (and marketing) of exports to other LDC's and developed countries, the composition of these exports as well as their short and long-term effects on economic development, government revenues, employment and income. Outlining difficulties with which the LDC's will be confronted in their promotion of the export sector, the author puts forward several policy areas where active negotiations between developed countries and LDC's could lead to substantial improvement.
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115987.More information
Corporate social responsibility strategies depend on the ownership structure of the firm. This article examines the effect of the discrepancy between cash-flow rights and control rights (excess control) on corporate social responsibility (CSR). The analyses of a sample of French listed firms show that firms with excess control achieve significantly lower CSR performance than those without excess control. Family ownership increases the negative effect of excess control on CSR performance, while the presence of other major shareholders neutralizes this effect. Our results are robust to the use of multiple measures of excess control, CSR performance, and control for potential endogeneity issues.
Keywords: Excès de contrôle, entreprises contrôlées, propriété concentrée, actionnaire ultime, performance RSE, excess control, controlled firms, concentrated ownership, ultimate shareholder, CSR performance, Exceso de control, empresas controladas, propiedad concentrada, accionista final, resultados de RSE
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115988.More information
AbstractInitiated by Prahalad (2004), “Bottom of Pyramid (BOP) Strategies” need probably, one of the highest degrees of involvement if we consider the large range of corporate social responsibility and responsiveness practices in the last years (Martinet, Payaud, 2008a, 2008b, 2009). Such very complex projects require radical innovations and very deep attention and care to cope with territories and local communities specificities.The aim of this article is to formulate a conceptual framework and a set of interrelated propositions for the strategic management of “BOP” ambitious projects. Under these guidelines, it seems possible to achieve both the goals of the firm and the human communities development on the long run.
Keywords: stratégie RSE BOP, pauvreté, communautés locales, ONU, “BOP Strategies”, poorness, human communities development, U.N.O., estrategia RSE BDP, pobreza, comunidades locales, desarrollo humano
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115990.More information
This paper studies the spatial mobility of around a thousand coworkers of three, mid-sized French cities to better understand coworking spaces. Our analysis, based on online available data on coworkers' career and education trajectories, and confirmed by selected interviews with the founder, managers and users of the three coworking spaces, reveals a community with purposefully reduced mobility. We provide insights into how coworking spaces, by pooling a diversity of local resources, foster dynamism and allow a reduced spatial mobility option for a less kinetic elite of highly educated workers. Coworking spaces allow coworkers to develop entrepreneurial capabilities whilst striking a balance with their private life. The studied coworking community collectively achieves its goals, with individuals engaging in little international mobility and an overall reduced spatial mobility.
Keywords: Coworking spaces, spatial mobility, international mobility, diversity, espaces de coworking, mobilité spatiale, mobilité internationale, diversité, Espacios de coworking, movilidad espacial, movilidad internacional, diversidad