Documents found
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116091.More information
In this paper I argue that national and supranational policies facilitate the mobility of deceased migrants while increasingly constraining and limiting the mobility of live migrants, especially when they are sick, marginal or from poor countries. I defend this hypothesis using two Mexican-American cases that show that a) once dead, migrants and marginalized persons, placed outside the community of citizens during their lifetime, are authorized by states to become reintegrated; b) that, while states rely on the laws in force as regards the circulation of the living, for the mobility of the dead, they rely on universal values that legitimize the belonging of the deceased to a wider national community.
Keywords: Migrants défunts, politiques migratoires, libre circulation, Mexique, États-Unis, Deceased migrants, migration policies, freedom of movement, Mexico, United States
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116092.More information
Keywords: Henry C Carey, New York Tribune, protectionnisme, libre-échange, développement économique, États-Unis, XIXe siècle
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116093.More information
Keywords: États-Unis, Constitution, conspiration, révolution, extrême droite, XVIIIe siècle, XIXe siècle
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116094.More information
The concept of rehabilitation is sometimes contrasted with the idea of spontaneous or natural desistance from crime. In this essay, I argue that both these concepts are based in a medical model of understanding change that is not consistent with what is known about how the process of desistance actually works. Both rehabilitation and spontaneous desistance should be understood in a more nuanced and integrative way, as in the assisted desistance or co-produced desistance rhetoric used in British desistance research.
Keywords: Désistement du crime, réhabilitation des délinquants, « ce qui fonctionne », Desistance from crime, offender rehabilitation, what works, Desistimiento del crimen, rehabilitación del delincuente, que funciona
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116095.More information
AbstractThis article is on the influence of family on delinquency across gender. Three questions are investigated: does the exposure to family risk factors vary as a function of gender?, do the nature and strength of association between those factors and violent behaviours vary across gender?, and which factors best explain males' and females' violent behaviours? A sample of adjudicated adolescent males (n = 506) and females (n = 150) as well as a school-based sample of males (n = 204) and females (n = 198) of Montreal were compared. Analyses show that adjudicated females, even if they are more supervised, present a more problematic familial situation as compared to their male counterparts. For the school-based sample, the familial situation is very similar. Multivariate analyses confirm that supervision of both males and females is an important protection against violent behaviours in both samples. Nevertheless, weak ties seem to have a greater importance for boys' delinquency in both sample, and parental deviance seems to be more relevant for adjudicated girls' delinquency. The same proximal concepts should be use to explain violent behaviours of males and females, but research should investigated more seriously distant concepts. The interventions should focus on improving disciplinary practices and establishing stronger family ties.
Keywords: famille, comportements violents, différences sexuelles, jeunes judiciarisés, facteurs de risque, régressions, family, violent behaviours, gender gap, adjudicated youths, risk factors, regression
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116096.More information
In this paper, we will start by presenting, in schematic form, the principal theses discussed in Michel Foucault's book. Then, we will devote the second part to a deeper understanding of the principal parts of the argumentation he develops and we will see how some of the themes he develops are of a more immediate interest to the criminologist, either because they converge with research in criminology or because they constitute a critique of it. Then, we will raise certain points that concern the method used by Foucault. This part of our argument will be more critical. Finally, we will conclude with a recall of Foucault's conclusions on the birth of criminology. We will then attempt to shed light on what criminological studies should retain of Michel Foucault's book, furthermore about what he has taught us, from a documentary point of view, of the birth of the prison.
Keywords: Michel Foucault, prison, système carcéral, pénalité, panoptisme, hard datas, soft datas, Michel Foucault, prison system, sentencing, panopticism, hard data, soft data, Michel Foucault, prisión, sistema penitenciario, penalidad, panoptismo, hard datas, soft datas
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116097.More information
AbstractBased on the authors' practical experience as active members of an reb (Research Ethics Board) in a Canadian business school, this paper explores unintended consequences of the implementation of the tcps (Tri-Council Policy Statement – Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans) through rebs. rebs, and the conception of research ethics on which they are based, tend to 1) reduce research ethics to the issue of the relationship between researchers and the people under study, 2) reinforce the view that the people under study necessarily need to be protected from scientific research and researchers, 3) deepen the gap between research based on fieldwork and research based on databases, 4) jeopardize the possibility of collective learning and 5) accentuate the impunity felt by a number of researchers regarding the conduct of scientific research.
Keywords: éthique de la recherche, comités d'éthique, relations chercheurs/personnes étudiées, research ethics, Research Ethics Board, researcher/researched relationship, ética de la investigación, Comité de Ética, relaciones entre investigadores y personas objeto de estudios
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116098.More information
AbstractIn this paper we assess the specific impacts of preventive and repressive actions mobilized within prevention projects initiated by police services. Findings suggest that a steep decline in burglaries following the initiation of a prevention project in a Montreal suburb was, in part, induced by a simultaneous wave of active burglar arrests. We take into account both the instantaneous and the delayed effects of preventive and repressive actions. As a result, we can identify the precise moment at which an intervention has its stronger impact. We also find that continuous measures that capture the monthly intensity of preventive resources provide a more adequate but conservative estimate of the impact of prevention programs.
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116099.More information
Mario Bunge has recently retired from academic life at the venerable age of 90 years old. After more than sixty years of teaching physics and philosophy, he leaves a rich and abundant work. His unique style allies quickness and precision. His method draws from the vast realm of sciences, from physics to sociology. He thus follows the Enlightenment's heritage that advocated a faith in reason and a kind of realism and materialism, which Bunge reorganizes from the study of modern sciences. Few philosophers since Leibniz or Russell have shown this kind of scientific erudition. No doubt that he deserves a prominent role in the contemporary debates in philosophy of sciences.
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116100.More information
This article discusses the process of restructuring experience during the first year of teaching in elementary school. Inspired by interactionism, the study espouses a theory of experiential learning and adapts the principles of continuity and transaction to the field of teaching. The methodology relies on mentoring to serve both development support and research in accordance with a collaborative approach. The results of a grounded theory analysis are illustrated starting from an «experiential frame» rebuilt with one of the participants transacting the experience through three transactional ways of understanding. An examination of this restructuration process suggests a dual identity development where both an operative and a unified self come into play.
Keywords: Apprentissage expérientiel, insertion professionnelle, restructuration, interactionnisme symbolique, disposition, mentorat, experiential learning, teacher induction, restructuration, symbolic interactionism, disposition, mentoring