Documents found
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116101.More information
This article examines a specific area of the politics of sexuality, focusing on the eugenic measures that various liberal democracies applied from the 1920s to the 1960s. More precisely, the policy trajectories of measures such as eugenic sterilizations in Switzerland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom will serve as a basis for theorizing the role of the state in regulating and policing the reproductive sexuality, sexual practices, and sexual identities of its citizens. Exploring the links between sexuality, politics, and the state will lead me to argue that the notion of the state itself needs unpacking. I will suggest, firstly, that examples of concrete eugenic measures demonstrate that states have not always acted in coherent, homogeneous ways in this area. State intervention in this domain was at times non-systematic, or even contradictory. I will argue, secondly, that eugenic measures were developed both within, and outside of (or even against), the state. Paragovernmental actors such as psychiatric clinics or local authorities have often played key roles in the eugenic regulation of sexuality. Furthermore, key actors in the application of eugenic sterilizations, such as doctors' organizations, were in some cases politically opposed to policy-making in this area, since they considered state intervention as a threat to their own autonomy of action. The presence or absence of official state policies is therefore an insufficient indicator of the importance of eugenic practices in specific national contexts, I shall argue. In order to fully grasp the complexity of such political dynamics, it is crucial to take into account the ways in which state institutions and policy-making are structured by wider social relations of power around sexualities, as well as around other identity-markers such as gender, “race,” social class or disabilities.
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116102.More information
Belgium is one of the first European countries where the public authority in charge for asylum, the Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons (CGRS), has provided for its protection officers specific instruments to process sexual orientation-based asylum cases. This paper argues that the three different stages of development of these instruments within the CGRS (emergence between 2000 and 2004, stabilisation between 2005 and 2009, lock-in since 2010), as a result of their materiality and own rationality, have led to a de facto acknowledgment of a “new” ground to grant refugee status. By opening the “black box” of the asylum administration, this analysis makes it possible to go beyond arguments in terms of Europeanisation, instruments diffusion, cultural and social evolutions, and political voluntarism proposed in the scientific literature to justify broadening the definition of the refugee to the people persecuted based on their sexual orientation.
Keywords: asile, Belgique, instrumentation, LGBT, réfugiés, asylum, Belgium, instrumentation, LGBT, refugees
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116103.More information
The article is concerned with the use of a project-based approach in teaching science and technologies in elementary and secondary schools. In particular, it is concerned with understanding how this teaching approach is defined and justified by the scholars interested in this issue. The analysis of 76 articles published in 16 scientific journals demonstrates that a limited number of attributes and justification components are used in the authors' discourse. The pursuit of disciplinary learning occupies an important place. The analysis also differentiates the components dealing with disciplinary objectives and learning from those dealing with the means and conditions required when using this teaching approach. The article also stresses the importance of undertaking studies on the practices used in the classroom where this approach is applied.
Keywords: enseignement par projets, savoirs conceptuels, démarche d'investigation, sciences et technologies, project-based teaching, conceptual knowledge, enquiry approach, science and technologies, enseñanza por proyectos, saberes conceptuales, proceso de investigación, ciencias y tecnologías
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116104.More information
The result of a four-year collaborative project, the exhibition C'est notre histoire : Premières Nations et Inuit du XXIe siècle (Musée de la civilisation de Québec, 2013) is presented as a multimedia space where artefacts, works of art, informative elements, and filmed testimonies draw the visitors' attention. Rather than approaching the exhibition from the perspective of collaboration and its effectiveness, this case study analyzes C'est notre histoire through its media apparatus, the filmed and exhibited testimonies. Studying the chain of speech remediation, from its video capture to its exhibition, and the various institutions to which the filmed testimony is linked, ultimately questions the potential of these objects in the context of the progressive decolonization of ethnographic museums.
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116105.More information
Studying the normative benchmarks of players involved in an episode of social crisis, such as the Overdale-Préfontaine squat in Montreal in 2001, can help us understand the meaning of an event that, because it was illegal, may have appeared somewhat opaque at the time it occurred. Through an analysis of these benchmarks, the internal logic of the strategies used by the groups of players involved in the squat can be identified, both within the group to which the players belong and with regard to the relationships between groups. In this paper, we present a summary of the results of our analysis of the positions taken by the squatters and by the community, institutional and media players involved.
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116106.More information
AbstractThe article tries presents an overview of translation history in Spain. After analyzing the contexts in which this discipline can be found (teaching, bibliographies, textbooks on translation), the author insists on the most recent developments and brings our attention to the academic popularity of translation history in Spain, specially in respect to publications. In recent years two important textboooks covering the history of translation in Spain have been published, which contrasts with the situation in other countries in which important cultural affinities can be found.
Keywords: histoire, Espagne, documentation, manuels
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116107.More information
Translation in the written press played an important role in strengthening Venezuela's independence. By means of a descriptive method, we studied the translations published in the venezuelan newspaper Gaceta de Caracas, from April 27, 1810 to June 5, 1812. We first pinpointed and characterized translations in the corpus (all issues of the periodical from April 27, 1810 to June 5, 1812). We then compared the original texts and their translation to determine the strategies used by the translators. The Gaceta de Caracas thus served as a valuable source to examine translation during the independance era.
Keywords: histoire de la traduction, presse, Venezuela, indépendance, Gaceta de Caracas, translation history, press, Venezuela, independence, Gaceta de Caracas
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116108.More information
AbstractHistorians and anthropologists sometimes need to translate or to use translations in order to have access to sources written in other languages. Mexican historiography is one such case. Indeed, a good part of what we know about pre-Hispanic times has been revealed through translations. How the two most prominent Mexican Mesoamericanists have approached translation will be the focus of this work.
Keywords: mesoamericanism, historiography, nahuatl, Garibay, León-Portilla
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116109.More information
AbstractGulliver's Travels (Swift, 1726) enjoyed considerable success in 19th century France. Over one hundred editions appeared between 1815 and 1898, which figure includes over fifteen different revisions, abridged or bowdlerized versions and retranslations. Among these the 1727 translation by Pierre-François Guyot abbé Desfontaines is predominant. An analysis of the three versions (a reedition of Desfontaines's text, a retranslation and a bowdlerized children's version), published between 1832 and 1843, reveals how the notion of translation evolved during the 150-year period. An examination of paratextual discourse and examples taken from the most problematic passages (issues of “good taste” or convention) demonstrates that divergent translational practices coexisted throughout the 19th century. Nevertheless, editors seemed to be in agreement when it came to offering their French readership reworked texts that transformed Gulliver by infantilizing him and effacing his essence.
Keywords: Voyages de Gulliver, retraduction, réédition, monarchie de Juillet
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116110.More information
AbstractThe purpose of this article is to present a new microstructure which attempts to break away from the traditional predominance of the conceptual dimension of the headword in specialized dictionary entries. Proceeding semasiologically, the microstructure provides not only the conceptual information dictionary users are typically interested in, but also detailed information about the lexico-syntactic characteristics of the relationships holding between terms, particularly compound terms, and the specialized texts that contain them. The article focuses first on the behavioural patterns of terms in discourse and particularly on how terms, and their variants generated by syntactic operations in discourse, augment the overall cohesion of a specialized text. It then introduces the reader to the new microstructure which incorporates information about this particular behavioural pattern.
Keywords: dictionnaire spécialisé monolingue, microstructure, terme syntagmatique, variation, réduction