Documents found
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117071.More information
The objective of this article is to offer critical reflective analysis of the notion of violence from the point of view of ethology and evolutionary psychology. The authors define violence as a value judgment of aggression in which aggression, operationally defined by any oriented (physical, gestural, verbal, etc.), non-playful behavior that may potentially cause harm to the physical or psychological integrity of another person, is deemed to be an abuse of power. Thus, they adopt a position contrary to that of researchers who consider parental neglect, play-fighting and war games among children to be violent. They also respond to the tendency to consider parental corporal punishment as necessarily violent. They then examine the adaptive biological functions of different types of aggression as well as several of the natural regulating mechanisms governing them. They consider the question of violence from two angles: is violence typical of the entire human species, and are men more violent than women? The authors then propose a model for family power relationships (marital, parent-child, child-child) which may provide a better understanding of family conflict and its possible influence on the development not only of child aggression towards peers but also of children's competitive skills for gaining access to environmental resources. Finally, they conclude that morality is arbitrary and it is therefore important not to attempt to use science to justify it.
Keywords: agression, compétition, éthologie, punition physique, psychologie évolutionniste, rapport de pouvoir, relation d'activation, violence conjugale, activation relationship, aggression, competition, ethology, evolutionary psychology, physical punishment, power relationship, conjugal violence
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117072.More information
The exercise of a remedy precludes a party who is entitled to demand the respect of his prerogative, and one that must meet its obligation. Therefore, the interests are opposed by nature as each party will work to emerge triumphant from the conflict. Thus, there is a significant risk of abuse which justifies punishment. A litigant should not be prejudiced by the exercise of a right. His interests are protected by the moderation of the implementation of the rights of other individuals. Furthermore, the notion of abuse should be framed such as not to prejudice the interests of the various parties. Indeed, the litigants may be deterred by the sanction in the case of an abusive legal process. It would thus violate the access to rights which is fundamental to the achievement of individual rights. The consecration of loyalty would prevent such abuses.
Keywords: Abus, caractérisation, intérêts, action, voie de droit, exécution, Abuse, criteria, interest, action, remedy, execution
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117073.More information
This study focuses on the analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of precipitation, temperature, and discharge indices in the wadi Mina watershed (6 048 km2) in the Algerian northwest during the period of 1979-2013.The application of the non-parametric test of Kruskal-Wallis on rainfall indices has revealed that the total annual rainfall and the maximum number of consecutive rainy days show a large spatial variability. The number of days with high discharge decreases from the north to the south of the basin. As for the Mann-Kendall test, it revealed a decreasing trend in total annual rainfall. On the other hand, the maximal and minimal temperatures significantly increased with time. It was the same for the sequences of consecutive dry days, rainfall intensities and extremely rainy days. Also, the frequency of days with high discharge has decreased, while that with low discharge has increased in the three wadis Mina, Haddad and El Abd. Finally, the decrease in rainfall and the increase in temperature have generated a decline in water resources.
Keywords: température, pluies, débits, oued Mina, Algérie, Kruskal-Wallis, tendance, Mann-Kendall, temperature, rainfall, discharge, wadi Mina, Algeria, Kruskal-Wallis, trend, Mann-Kendall
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117074.More information
This study compares fourteen models of monthly Value-at-risk (thereafter VAR) for the Canadian and American stock markets in the context of an institutional portfolio manager. Our analysis focuses on theimportance of four characteristics of VAR models with filtered historical simulation, one of the most promising approaches. Our results show that monthly VAR models with daily GARCH-type filter arethe only ones not rejected with regard to all the performance tests conducted. Among these models, the asymmetric GARCH specification, which proves the most conservative, indicates that the S&P/TSX Composite and S&P500 indexes have a 5% probability of arespective loss averaging at least 7.4% and 6.7% of their value over one month.
Keywords: Modèles VAR par simulations historiques filtrées, modèles GARCH, tests de couverture inconditionnels et conditionnels, tests de conservatisme, VAR models with filtered simulations, GARCH models, conditional and unconditional tests, conservatism tests
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117075.More information
In the United States, "Health Maintenance Organisations" (HMO) undertookto master the growth of the costs of the health. Numerous patients complainedabout the quality of the care under this regime and about limitations that HMOimposed on them, in particular in access to care. To the quality care issues underthis regime added the anxieties conceming patients' satisfaction. Has the formerdegraded under the regime HMO? On this subject, numerous studies compare thesatisfaction of the patients under the regime HMO to that of the patients in thetraditional System with "Fee-For-Service payment" (FFS). They also concern thevulnerable patients, such as the old or deprived persons, illustrating how difficultit is to measure of quality.
Keywords: Managed Care, HMO, patients, satisfaction, assurance, Managed Care, HMO, patients, satisfaction, insurance
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117076.More information
In some situations, it is well-known that the linear credibility approximation is too restrictive and does not model correctly predictive premiums. Recently, Boucher, Denuit and Guillén (2006a, 2006b) proposed various generalisations of the zero-inflated Poisson and the hurdle distributions. For these models, the authors showed that the predictive premium do not depend exclusively on the number of past claims, but also on the number of insured periods with at least one claim. We use the bivariate linear credibility theory to estimate the future premiums based on these twostatistics, and compare the approximation with the exact result using Bayesian theory. We show that the approximations for the zero-inflated models are satisfying. However, we also show that the approximations of the hurdle distributions cause major errors. We explain these results by showing that the linear credibility premiums do not suppose dependence between random effects of the models.
Keywords: Nombre de réclamations, données de panel, modèle gonflé à zéro, modèle à barrière, crédibilité linéaire bivariée, Claims number, panel data, zero-inflated models, hurdle models, bivariate linear credibility
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117077.More information
This article seeks to understand the significance of everyday beauty in refugees’ lives and its implications for refugee policy; it is one of the first pieces of scholarship to explore this subject in this context. A review of the existing literature on beauty in refugee contexts followed by a deductive analysis of the literature on refugee homemaking demonstrates how beauty and beautification play an active role in how refugees (re)make home, even in temporary situations. Beauty is used to build hope, celebrate culture, create community, and honour past and present realities, and therefore has significant implications for the objectives of the Global Compact on Refugees. The role of beauty in refugee homemaking suggests challenging the narrow focus on durable solutions to a more holistic framework, transforming language and policy approaches to include refugees as decision-makers, and investing in the quality of shelters, camps, and homes as a more effective way to reduce pressure on host countries.
Keywords: refugees, beauty, beautification, aesthetics, homemaking, protracted refugee situations, durable solutions, forcibly displaced, Global Compact on Refugees
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117080.