Documents found
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Following studies which focus on the link between immigration and population aging, this article aims to identify within existing Canadian data the various aspects of the demographic mechanisms behind this relationship: the age structure of the immigrant population on arrival, aging of immigrants to Canada, the fact that they have children in Canada, and differences between immigrants and non-immigrants in fertility, mortality and emigration. To this end, the authors have developed projection scenarios which have been integrated into the Demosim microsimulation projection model, and have used these to analyse projected indicators of the age structure of the population for the period 2006 to 2106. Exploiting this model's rich content and analytical potential, they show that the demographic specificities of Canada's immigrant populations have real effects on the age structure of the population as a whole, but by way of various effects, some aging, other rejuvenating, which largely compensate for each other.
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This article explores Alexis de Tocqueville's journey to Lower Canada in an effort to understand the role of the imaginary in the formation of identity. Tocqueville was fascinated by the differences and similarities that existed between the French and the Canadiens, and he was an ardent supporter of French Canadian survivance. However, the young aristocrat considered Lower Canada to be a relic of the French Ancien Régime and saw its inhabitants as joyous artefacts in an imagined museum of identity.
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This paper analyzes the history of creation of the Mauricie National Park in Quebec in the 1970s. It explores in particular the role of the ecological science in the development of an idealized representation of ‘wilderness' encountered in Canada's national parks on the territory of Mauricie. According to the official discourse of the Parks Canada Agency, the park is aiming to protect an example of “wilderness of the great forests of the Canadian Shield” (nature sauvage des grandes forêts du Bouclier canadien). Our history however reveals forest scarred by centuries of human activity like hunting, fishing and forestry. Therefore, how the federal agency Parks Canada managed to create out of these humanized landscapes “a representative natural area of Canadian signifiance” (aire naturelle représentative d'intérêt canadien)? The science of ecology allows this transformation of Mauricie territoriality. Through inventories, ecosystemic maps and management plans that focus on natural components of the place––abstracting human history––Parks Canada manages to concretize materially and symbolically on the provincial territory the ideal of ‘wilderness' of Canadian national parks. Starting from the thesis of Suzanne Zeller (1988), our history shows that science still served in the 1970's to support the enterprise of nation-building of the Canadian State.
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In the last three decades, a number of researchers have undertook the comparison of American and Canadian crime rates. Among them, Lipset (1990) and Hagan (1991) have shown that violence was more frequent south of the border than north of it. To explain why crime was more frequent in the US than in Canada, those authors argued that differences in values and culture of each country's residents was the principal determinant of this situation. Using regional and infranational disaggregated crime rates, this article shows that differences in both country's crime rates are not univocal. For example, crime rates in Canada are not higher than those of Northern United States for three crimes out of four studied. What makes US crime rates appear much higher than the Canadian ones can be attributable to a small number of States and cities which have extraordinarily high crime rates.
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Canadian Francophonie is alive and well. It is rooted in French Canada and is the result of the great changes that transformed it over the last half century. French Canada was as unified as English Canada. Francophonie canadienne is a complex group, distinctive because of its French identity, its modernity and its urbanity. It is a nuanced, inclusive ensemble of provincial, regional and local communities who acknowledge and express themselves as legitimate and whose legitimacy is recognized at the historico-geographic and sociopolitical levels as well as the constitutional and legal ones. Francophonie canadienne has changed throughout the decades; it is still changing and will continue to do so, influenced by current cultural trends. It is now made of a core of traditional (“de souche”) Francophones, with multiple layers around it made of official-language Francophones, Anglophones with French ancestry and sympathies. This constitutes its great richness.
Keywords: Francophonie canadienne, légitimité, langues officielles, composition sociolinguistique, diversité culturelle, Canadian Francophonie, legitimacy, official languages, sociolinguistic components, cultural diversity