Documents found
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311.More information
This article analyses the possible existence of a constitutional right of a party to be understood in both official languages by justices of the Supreme Court of Canada, without the assistance of an interpreter or translator. This matter has already received a negative response from the Supreme Court of Canada in 1986 with regards to the courts of New Brunswick in Société des Acadiens v Association of Parents. This article attempts to set the basis on which the courts could reject that precedent of the Supreme Court of Canada and recognize the right to be understood directly, in both official languages, without the assistance of an interpreter or translator before that Court.
Keywords: Cour suprême du Canada, droit d'être compris directement, à l'oral comme à l'écrit, sans l'entremise de services d'interprétation ou de traduction, interprétation large et libérale, Charte canadienne des droits et libertés, droits linguistiques, langues officielles du Canada, Supreme Court of Canada, Right to be understood directly, orally and in writing, without the assistance of interpretation or translation services, Large and liberal interpretation, Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Language rights, Canada's official languages
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312.More information
With the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1948, many saw this event as the genuine opening of markets since the purpose of this historic agreement was precisely to knock down tariff and discriminatory non-tariff barriers. This opening proved to be more theoretical than practical in many respects. Indeed, the awareness in many countries that this generalized opening of markets would have far-reaching effects led them to react by developing what would become the new economic protectionism : export subsidies. In the field of aviation, the Bombardier and Embraer companies have over the past years been vying for control over regional public carrier aircraft. This competition took a nasty turn, however, when Canada and Brazil mutually accused one another of propping up their national enterprises with export subsidies in violation of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures. Since the Canada-Brazil dispute is the first case to be submitted before the World Trade Organization specifically concerning subsidies for exporting civilian aircraft granted by member countries, we attempt to update the concept of export subsidies by examining the contested subsidy programs. We will then explore some possible avenues of solution that may make it possible to avoid having current or future Canadian subsidy programs challenged successfully.
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313.More information
A study of Young Canada (1932-1938) is certainly not a blot on a special issue on the Quiet Revolution. On the contrary, by simply recalling the names of the leaders of the movement – André Laurendeau, Pierre Dansereau, Gérard Filion, Robert Charbonneau, Gérard Picard, Lucien L'Allier and Claude Robillard – the trajectory from the 1930s to the 1960s becomes clear.This movement of young people, typical of the Depression years, marked out its own path : it questioned the ways of the Action catholique de la jeunesse canadienne-française (ACJC), remained aloof of Henri Bourassa who feared the movement and revived the investigative spirit of L'Action française of 1921 by following the lead of Lionel Groulx. After a number of tentative steps, the young Laurendeau defined their laurentian nationalism in a leaflet, Notre nationalisme (1935), that constitutes one of the masterpieces of Québécois political thought.
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314.More information
In their pursuit of research and documentation of Aboriginal Canadian social issues, demographers and other specialists, Aboriginals and non-Aboriginal alike, often overlook a fundamental question: what definitions of Aboriginal populations to use? Since Aboriginal identity is neither permanent nor automatically transferred from one generation to the next, the various definitions of Aboriginal peoples result in very different numbers and characteristics. This article offers an overview of these definitions, of the corresponding population figures, and of the effect of choice of definition on demographic analysis.
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316.More information
In 2004, our research group was invited to continue a research partnership with a Nova Scotian Mi’kmaq community that was concerned about the causes of and interventions for adolescent alcohol misuse in their community. While our previous collaborative research focused on reducing adolescent alcohol misuse by targeting motivations for drinking that were personality specific (see Mushquash, Comeau, & Stweart, 2007), the more recent collaboration sought to investigate the possible relationship between exposure to violence, post-traumatic stress, and alcohol misuse. The present paper outlines the steps involved in gaining community consent, the plan for results sharing, the tangible benefits to the community that have been documented, and future directions and lessons learned. The paper will demonstrate how the principles of Knowledge Translation (CIHR, 2006) provide a framework for this process.