Documents found
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42.More information
This article examines the place held by multilateral development banks in Canada's policy of external cooperation. It seeks to show how, in keeping with the overall logic of its aid policy, Canada's participation in these international financial institutions has resulted from a many-sided configuration of political, development al, and economic interests. The purpose of this article finds it s justification first of all in the fact that, by focusing mainly on bilateral assistance programs, the literature on Canadian aid has largely neglected the study of the many channels for distributing multilateral assistance.
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44.More information
An attempt is made to calculate the population of Canada since the period of discovery. The author bas made a few corrections to official statistics and bas added the figures for Newfoundland (prior to 1949) and for the Indians and Eskimos (prior to 1851). Throughout it is a question of the same territory, that of present-day Canada.Visualized in this fashion, the history of the population of Canada falls into jour periods :1. 1600-1710 : The total population declined because the slow increase in European immigrants did not compensate for the decrease in numbers of indigenous peoples ;2. 1710-1775 : The total population grew slowly during this period but, after two centuries of colonisation, Canada remained a land of Indians ;3. In less than a century the total population soared from 300,000 to 3,000,000 ; never would Canada experience an equally long period characterized by such a high rate of demographic expansion. Canada became British ;4. The present century bas seen jour demographic periods ; rapid increase took place during two of these periods : 1896-1914 and since 1942.The alternation of rates of growth emphasizes the sensitivity of the Canadian economy to both external and internal events.
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45.More information
Chiefly towards the end of the 1950's, problems encountered in the international textile and clothing trade became more acute. In the eyes of most importing and exporting countries in this area of international trade, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which governed international commercial relations as a whole, appeared unable to prevent or correct such problems. To remedy the situation, in the early I960's the countries involved in the international cotton trade adopted a Short-term on Cotton Textiles. This agreement was followed by the Long-term Agreement on Cotton Textiles which regulated the international trade of cotton textiles from 1961 to 1973, and the International Textiles Trade Agreement, best known under the name of Multi-Fibres Agreement (MFA) which has been regulating international trade of most textiles and clothing since January 1, 1974. The main purpose of the article is to look at the application of the MFA in Canada over the 1974-1984 period. In the first section, we examine Canadian trade legislation regulating clothing and textile imports before the coming into force of the MFA in 1974. We see that the implementation of the MFA will be fairly easy for Canada since it has already put in place a legal framework applicable to clothing and textile imports. We attempt to show that the participation of Canada in the MFA was fully in line with its brand new textile policy. In the second section, we analyze the application of the MFA in Canada. Although Canada supports the liberalization of international trade, this did not prevent it from using MFA provisions to protect its textile and clothing industry. In this respect, and like many other developed countries, Canada negotiated voluntary export restraint agreements with its trade partners. At a certain point, Canada also had to impose a global import quota under article XIX of the GATT. In any event, we have to recognize that even if Canada has afforded a substantial protection to its industry, it did so according to MFA provisions.
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48.More information
This article examines the relationship between religion, ethnicity, and space in Ontario between 1880 and 1930. It tracks the spread of organized Lutheranism across Ontario as well as the connections that bound German-language Lutheran congregations to the United States and Germany. In so doing, this article seeks to push the study of religion in Canada beyond national boundaries. Building on a number of studies of the international influences on other denominations in Canada, this article charts out an entangled history that does not line up with the evolution of other churches. It offers new insights about the relationship between language and denomination in Ontario society, the rise of a theologically-mainstream Protestant church, and the role of institutional networks that connected people across a large space. The author argues that regional, national, and transnational connections shaped the development of many local German-language Lutheran communities in Ontario.
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49.More information
Quebec's distinct character results from the evolution, over a three-century period, of a people, a nation which, today, is the most viable stronghold of the French language and culture in Canada. Over the years, it has remained evident that French-speaking Quebecers' ongoing preoccupation with the survival and blossoming of the French language in America has coloured their relationship with the anglophone minority in Quebec as well as with the English-speaking majority in the rest of Canada. From this perspective, the writer examines the power struggles occurring between the official language communities in light of some of the major confrontations which have taken place between English and French Canada.
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50.More information
Since its creation in 1908, the Québec Society for the Protection of Plants (QSPP) has published a range of documents highly valuable, both historically and scientifically. In the early years, the Society published the Annual Reports. In addition to the proceedings of annual meetings, the Annual Reports included several scientific articles. A total of 684 articles were published in the Annual Reports over the years, until the last one was published in 1961. The journal Phytoprotection, a periodical with three issues a year, was then launched. The first issue of Phytoprotection was published in 1963 and marks the continuation of the Annual Reports. Over the years, Phytoprotection has taken a primarily scientific turn and undergone significant lay-out and editorial policy modifications. As QSPP activities are centered on plant health, the Society eventually became interested in naming plant insects and diseases. Committees were appointed to prepare lists of names of insect pests and diseases of plants. Names of Insects in Canada was published in 1947, 1952, 1964, 1975, 1985 and 1986. After the 1986 edition, the rights on this book were transferred to the Entomological Society of Canada. Names of Plant Diseases in Canada was published in 1961, 1976, 1992, 1996 and 2003. In 1977, to better communicate with its members, the board of the QSPP launched the news bulletin Bulletin de nouvelles de la S.P.P.Q., renamed Échos phytosanitaires in 1982. A total of 68 issues were published from 1977 to 2000. After a short relaunch in 2006 as an electronic publication, there are positive signs of a revival of Échos phytosanitaires for 2009. There is a need to preserve all this documentation published over 100 years and to make it readily available to present and future generations.