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78.More information
AbstractDuring the second half of the twentieth century, Canadian mortality rates for the very old (individuals aged 80 and over) were lower than those in most industrialized countries, including several European countries and Japan. One of the hypotheses often raised to explain this particular pattern is related to the “healthy immigrant effect,” given the important role of immigration in the growth of the Canadian population. Although mortality rates for immigrants, particularly “non–European” immigrants, are clearly lower than those for the Canadian-born population at all ages, the number of those immigrants in advanced old age is too small to explain the lower mortality for Canada as a whole. Many factors, including better living conditions during the twentieth century, are probably responsible for this phenomenon, which may disappear in the years to come.
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80.More information
This paper studies the economic integration of young Canadians aged 15-29 years. This population is divided into four groups : (1) youth who immigrated to Canada after the age of 10 (generation 1) ; (2) young immigrants who were admitted to Canada at the age of 10 or before (generation 1.5) ; (3) Canadian-born children of at least one immigrant parent (generation 2), and (4) Canadians both of whose parents were born in Canada (generation 3 or more). Our results show that young people of immigrant origin (generation 1, 1.5 and 2) are more educated on average than young people from generation 3 or more. In addition, we find that most young people from generations 1.5 and 2 in Quebec know French, which points to the linguistic integration of immigrants in the long run. In terms of labour market results, young immigrants of generation 1 are the most disadvantaged in comparison to other generations, particularly in Quebec compared to the rest of Canada. Moreover, young people in Quebec from generations 1.5 and 2 also trail behind generation 3 or more in terms of access to employment and wages. In contrast, their labour market performance is similar, or even better, than generation 3 or more in the rest of Canada. Quebec should therefore further assist the young immigrant population in the province in their pursuit of an appropriate career and improved labour conditions whatever their origin.