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To identify digital writing processes, its teaching and assessment, the authors of this study questioned a number of recent databases by subjects (processes, strategies, skills, materiality, genres, and evaluation of digital writing). The paper firstly presents the generic features of digital writing, which are hypertextuality, an adapted design, interactivity, multimodality and collaboration. It then makes 20 recommendations to support its teaching in schools. These recommendations go from technological precautions to ethical issues, through advice about text content, skills to focus on, resource use, and suggestions for teaching.

Keywords: écriture numérique, multimodalité, compétences, habiletés, formation, digital writing, multimodality, competencies, skills, formation

This study focuses on the representations, in children's literature, of the relationship between children with Down syndrome and autism and their siblings and compared them with the conclusions drawn from the scientific literature on sibling relationships when faced with the issue of disability, which shows the differential impact of the two disabilities on the construction of such relationships. Children's literature is worth studying because, when books written for young children deal with such difficult issues as disability, they offer situations and possible reactions matching cultural norms and representations. In that way, they can promote dialogue, in particular with the siblings of the child with a disability, and thus fulfill an educational function. Within this context, a content analysis of 24 books for children aged from three to 12 years old, 12 for each type of disability, has been conducted. Results indicate that the books allow the expression of suffering and of a conflictual relationship with the child with a disability. However, whereas for siblings of children with Down syndrome empathy and affective gratification make bonding possible, the rejection and indifference felt by the siblings of children with autism can prevent the construction of sibling relationships. Siblings of children with autism have to deal both with their parents' instruction to act responsibly and with the necessity to give unconditional understanding, which is perceived as unfair. It therefore appears that analyzed books can be useful for siblings of children with a disability and for a potential educational follow-up, but they rarely offer glimpses into the future.

Keywords: littérature jeunesse, handicap, fratrie, trisomie 21, autisme, famille, représentations sociales, children's literature, disability, siblings, down syndrome, autism, family, social representation

Keywords: exotisme, musique française, orientalisme, xixe siècle, xxe siècle, exoticism, French music, orientalism, 19th century, 20th century

Mitigation of damages, it is often said, is a common law rule; therefore it does not apply in Quebec. Here, “does not” means “should not”, as debaters confuse positive law and legislative policy. Oddly enough, this argument is made in the field of labour law, seldom in civil law discussions. This is paradoxical in the sense that the Civil code does not enunciate the principle whereas the Quebec Labour Code — as well as similar statutes throughout Canada — contains a specific section asserting the principle. A possible explanation is that discussions are usually more extensive and publicized in labour law, due to its collective features. In contrast, mitigation is applied without question in civil litigation and case law takes the principle for granted.This research note shows that mitigation of damages was the rule in Ancient French Law. Although the French code did not state the rule as such, it is still present through the rule of non-compensation of indirect damages. Thus, the debate has been engaged on shaky grounds. The origin of section 15 can be traced back to civil law. The fact that common law has a similar rule is irrelevant for our purpose.The true question is: why should an employer, who has violated section 15 benefit from the work of a former employee who was lucky enough to find an alternate job? The answer is that there is no benefit in the sense that a wrongdoer has nothing to pay if no or little damage is suffered. On the other hand, why should the worker be double paid if he is reinstated? Is this a way to introduce punitive damages into this part of our labour law? The truth of the matter is that the whole debate deals with policy under the guise of positive law. Once this is realized — or recognized — the stakes are seen more clearly.

Keywords: effets de fantastique, institution littéraire, comparatisme canadien, Margaret Atwood, Anne Hébert

This paper assesses the reality and sources of the Constitutionnel's sea serpent case, attributing to this newspaper the authorship of the invention of this journalist's joke (hoax), circulated as a running gag during the 19th century. The subject is not so much the dissemination of sea serpent stories as this problematic attribution, which became traditional in the history of the French press. At the end of our inquiry, after what might seem like a police investigation, it is established that the first mention of a sea serpent indeed really took place in this newspaper in 1817-18, when it was called the Journal du commerce, a paper that had no exclusivity in the dissemination of this hoax, which had its source in American papers. Before the digitization of newspapers, it was difficult if not impossible to find brief mentions or even articles on these elusive subjects. It was therefore easy to make fun of them without having to provide any proof or justification.

In this almost 1,200-page book, economist Thomas Piketty explores the ideological and political foundations of economic and social structures through a historical and comparative lens. It is about unravelling the relationships between politics and the economy in time and space, in order to understand how “unequal regimes” are established, transformed or perpetuated. After demonstrating the exacerbation of socio-economic inequalities over the past thirty years, he suggests solutions for a socially fairer model of development.