Documents found
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2211.
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2213.More information
This article analyzes the challenges of China's experience in multilateralism. The study is based on the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, a new multilateral financial institution China set up. AIIB benefits from broad international participation, draws attention and provokes strong reactions worldwide. It demosntrates the political power China wishes to assert and it highlights its power of attraction. Crucially, it reflects Chinese dissatisfaction with the major international financial institutions and Chinese willingness to find a cooperative platform that would reflect its economic weight and respond to its interests. While promising on paper however, the AIIB reveals a number of shortcomings.
Keywords: Chine, Asie, Banque asiatique d'investissement dans les infrastructures, développement, coopération, infrastructures, China, Asia, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, development, cooperation, infrastructures, China, Asia, Banca asiática de inversiones en infraestructura, desarrollo, cooperación, infraestructuras
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2214.More information
The objective of this contribution is to emphasize the point that there is no ipso jure conflict between the Cartagena Protocol and WTO law. A conflict approach must be rejected in favour of greater attention to the principles and criteria of coexistence and coherence between the Cartagena Protocol and WTO law. To this end, the specific nature of the Cartagena Protocol must first be considered. This protocol, in contrast to other international instruments dealing with environmental protection, is an instrument which actually situates itself between trade and environment. Moreover, certain aspects of the compatibility between WTO law and the Cartagena Protocol bring to the fore the possibility of promoting mutual supportiveness between the two regimes. Such a “mutual supportiveness approach” is, however, subject to limits considering the orientations of the Panel's reasoning in the EC – Biotech case.
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2215.More information
The dispute settlement mechanism of the World Trade Organization appears as the central pillar of the multilateral trading system and main efficient tool for the implementation of the international trade law. The first part of the article aims at pointing out the main characteristics of this dispute settlement mechanism. As a global one, it has to be used by the Members in order to solve all the disputes rising among them when they apply the different WTO agreements. As an integrated mechanism, it has been established within the Organization as the only one to be used instead of taking unilateral action. That means abiding by the agreed procedures and respecting judgements. Therefore, the rule of law sounds as the ground basis of the mechanism, ensuring its efficiency and legitimacy. The second part deals with the main procedure provided by the dispute settlement understanding (DSU), which does resemble a judicial one. The different stages (consultations, panel and appeal) aim at guarantying a fair and equitable procedure based on the rule of law, in a quasi-judicial form. If condemned, the Member's measure has to be brought into conformity with WTO Law. Thus, the main originality of the mechanism relies on the possibility of taking authorized counter-measures in order to pressure the Member that fails to comply with the DSB's recommendation. The rule of law, the strict delays, and the higher automaticity in the adoption of the reports by the so-called “reversed consensus” tend to reinforce the security and the predictability of the multilateral trading system.
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2216.More information
Keywords: Performance des entreprises, Aide financière, Méthode d'appariement, Analyse spatiale, Micro-données spatiales
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2217.More information
In our opinion, academic research into why young Canadians choose a military career in times of war
remains very peripheral. Nevertheless, during Canada's mission in Afghanistan, many young people
joined the Canadian Armed Forces, including as infantry soldiers. We address this phenomenon as a way
of reflecting on the sociological, cultural, and existential factors that lead young people to make such a
career choice – one that, in the contemporary context, remains unconventional and can prove fatal. The
notion of risk taking and the role it plays in the lives and career choices of certain young people serves as
both the starting point and common thread for our analysis.
Keywords: jeunesse, métier à risque, prise de risque, infanterie canadienne, crise identitaire, youth, high-risk occupations, risk taking, Royal Canadian Infantry Corps, infantry soldiers, identity crisis
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