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AbstractThis article is an abridged version of a document presented by the author at the World Conference on Employment held in Geneva in 1976. The study deals successively with the role of transnational enterprises in the production (and marketing) of exports to other LDC's and developed countries, the composition of these exports as well as their short and long-term effects on economic development, government revenues, employment and income. Outlining difficulties with which the LDC's will be confronted in their promotion of the export sector, the author puts forward several policy areas where active negotiations between developed countries and LDC's could lead to substantial improvement.

A critical reflection on the legal, political and discursive mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion delimiting the norms of Japanese subjectivity, the current article aims to push beyond the conceptual and typological limitations of the literature on Japanese minorities, multicultural Japan, and multi-ethnic citizenship. Working from a feminist intersectional analysis of diversity that understands nation, race, culture, gender and hetero-normativity as mutually constitutive systems of oppression, we look also to the comparative literature on multinational democracy as a more comprehensive approach to thinking about the complex intranational and multinational diversity constituting contemporary Japanese citizenship. Through a genealogical exploration of Japan's colonial past, and a case study of a contemporary multinational marriage between a Japanese woman and a Zainichi Korean resident, we uncover and critically explore the juridical and political contradictions about subjectivity and belonging across multiple axes (nation, diaspora peoples, indigeneity, minorities, race, multiculturalism, gender and sexuality) that are actively reproduced and perpetuated through the Japanese family registry system and nationality law.

Keywords: Citoyenneté japonaise, démocratie multinationale, diversité, genre, multiculturalisme, Japanese citizenship, multinational democracy, diversity, gender, multiculturalism

This article explores the ongoing issue of bodily security, surveillance, and safety in and around South Korean digital spaces. By focusing on the Nth Room in March 2020, I argue that the rapid growth of digital and cloud-based technologies exacerbates social and political issues in Korea. I use an interdisciplinary methodological approach to critical gender and sexuality studies, data feminism, and Korean feminist scholarship to interrogate the relationship between transnational digital technologies, the deep-seated roots of patriarchy, and the contemporary anti-feminist backlash and conservative political landscape in South Korea. I argue that the cloud-based servers of instant messaging group chats pose a particular case that illustrates the challenges feminist activists face around digital sex crimes and surveillance in South Korea and transnationally.

Keywords: digital sexual violence, violence sexuelle numérique, digital technologies, technologies numériques, feminism, féminisme, Corée du Sud, South Korea, surveillance et sécurité, surveillance and security, violence sexuelle facilitée par la technologie, technology-facilitated sexual violence

This article offers a psychoanalytic reading of three Korean films — Tuning Fork, Snowy Road, and Spirits’ Homecoming — dedicated to the historical trauma of the “comfort women.” This colonial past, long denied and repressed by official history as well as by collective shame, returns to haunt the contemporary Korean screen. The study relies on a triple conceptual constellation: the psychoanalysis of trauma (Freudian notions of deferred action and repetition compulsion, revisited by Cathy Caruth), Abraham and Torok’s psychic crypt, and Derrida’s hauntology. Spectrality thus becomes the central theoretical operator, functioning as the manifestation of the repressed real. The films analyzed emerge as genuine psychoanalytic devices: they do not merely reconstruct past events but formally elaborate the trauma. By portraying the suffering of the survivors and opening a space for shared memory, these visual narratives of return foster the construction of a collective memory of trauma. Spectrality functions as a politics of memory, demanding justice for the disappeared and engaging an intergenerational responsibility. Placing these films in the perspectives of cultural trauma and its social construction, the article shows how testimonies, ritual gestures, and civic inscriptions establish a public space for recognition and symbolic reparation. In conclusion, cinema acts as a form of postmemory, in Marianne Hirsch’s sense. By transforming spectral haunting into a vector of transmission, it allows the inheriting generation to imaginatively invest the trauma and pursue the work of collective mourning.

Keywords: trauma, trauma, spectralité, spectrality, post-memory, post-mémoire, comfort women, femmes de réconfort, cinéma coréen, Korean cinema

After decades of intensive economic growth Japan is under pressure to translate its material success into international influence. This new role appears to be taking shape under Prime Minister Nakasone. The country faces rising protectionism sentiments from its major trading partners, and a growing military threat from the USSR. Nakasone has maintained a solid working relation with President Reagan, while adopting a hawkish stance towards the USSR. Nevertheless, Japan still remains under the US nuclear umbrella. Nakasone has pursued closer relations with South Korea. His first foreign visit as prime minister was to Seoul. The Chinese have been concerned about symptoms of remilitarization on the one hand, but also recognize that a greated Japanese security presence will help to diffuse the Soviet threat in the region, thus relieving pressure on Beijing. The first six months of Nakasone's administration thus indicated that Japan may be embarking on a diplomatic and defence course which has a higher profile than in the past.

The collapse of the Soviet System after the coup of 1991 challenged the traditional Sovietology. In fact, the discipline failed to predict the onset, speed and extent of the collapse of its object of study. It became necessary to determine, before starting post soviet studies, why and how Sovietology went wrong in assessing the nature of the Soviet System and its demise. This article surveys the different models used from 1950 to 1990 to analyse the nature of the soviet System. It tries to show that each one was a product of a particular political context of the Cold War. In fact, it is a scientific study on the image of the enemy.

AbstractWe develops in this paper a nonlinear vector autoregressive model to study stock market interdependences. Among the innovations of this work, we introduce a structural break in the conditional variances-covariance's matrix of multivariate GARCH process. We consider a BEKK expand with shocks to volatility transmission across markets. The purpose of these amendments is to respond to several biases in the measurement of volatilities and correlations between markets: a primer bias is the shocks to volatility persistence over estimating; second, heteroskedasticity and omitted variables bias in market cross-correlation estimates. We use a sample of 11 markets from Europe, North America, and Asia with weekly data of market indices between 1985 and 2006. Several interesting results are obtained with this model: the reduction of shocks to volatility persistence, price and uncertainties transmission from U.S. market to European and Asian markets, regional transmission phenomenon in Europe and Asia, apart from the U.S. crash of October 1987, all crises are not always contagious. At last but not the least, it is not clear that financial liberalization isolates markets from instability and contagion, although the integration is a good tool for market efficiency. Crises and contagion phenomenon can be market equilibrating process.