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The article seeks to answer the following two objectives : (1) establish an inventory of the general profile of reception service employees, their skills and career plans, and (2) allow national and international practitioners to understand the Vietnamese hotel labor market. This research will first highlight the key skills for the position of hotel receptionist and then make strategic recommendations for training and human resource management in the hospitality industry in Vietnam.

Keywords: compétences, ressources humaines, réception hôtelière, industrie hôtelière, Vietnam, skills, human resources, hotel reception, hotel industry, Vietnam, competencias, recursos humanos, recepción del hotel, industria hotelera, Vietnam

Despite the United Nations Convention on contracts for the international sale of goods coming into force more than 13 years ago, and despite the great number of publications on the subject, not very many practitioners appear to be familiar with it. This is why many practitioners want to exclude the Convention's applicability in order not to be stuck with an instrument they do not know very well. The exclusion of this Convention, however, is not as simple as it may appear at first glance. This paper examines, in the light of foreign scholarly writing and international case law, the various issues a practitioner has to be aware of when considering the exclusion of this Convention.

Trade disputes raising a public morality defense have occupied and still hold to this day little spot within the World Trade Organization (WTO) Panels and Appellate Body. The defense, portrayed as an exception, has been submitted three times to the WTO “judges”: USA – Gambling, China – Publications and Audiovisual Products and EC – Seal Products. The doctrine has since made several assumptions which consist of many types of public morality measures. The latest dispute in the matter, opposing Canada and Norway to the European Union, helped shed new light on the defense by proposing a new morality test. The test is formulated in two steps: (1) determining citizens' concerns and (2) whether the citizens' concerns can be qualified as their public morality. The statement and the implementation of this test require some attention in order to measure the effects and understand the subtleties. It will mainly be demonstrated that the Panel, confirmed on this point by the Appellate body, seems to deviate from previous lessons regarding the public morality defense, requiring international justification of citizen concerns, which should also be supported by national evidence, to be recognized under public morality commercial exception.

Keywords: Moralité publique, exception commerciale, Organisation mondiale du commerce, Public morality, commercial exception, World Trade Organization

The analysis of the regional subdivision of the general development processes has emphasized how some new «immatérial» localization factors (relations, culture) are replacing the traditional psysical factors by giving new nourishment to circular localized processes and tendentially stable based on the historized substance of socioeconomic facts. The case of the Italian industrial districts enlightens immense and persistent self-reference dynamics. Supported by a strong propensity to innovation and by territorializing quality of a parallel system of values interacting to the classical Marshall's economies of agglomeration, they represent a development model on which it seems advisable to reflect, also in connection with critical elements emerging from the analysis of concrete cases.

In his publication entitled L'enjeu de la philologie, Denis Thouard examines our relationship to the written text embodied in what he calls the post-written culture, characterised by our increasing familiarity with hypertext. It is the starting point of our study of the actual conditions of diffusion, especially in terms of podcasting and of the economical and aesthetic issues in music reception it raises. Far from portraying only negative aspects of these new listening conditions, which make musical quality (choice of performance, for instance) subordinate to the uploaded music available, this article wishes to discuss the topic with an open and positive approach. It is hypothesised that at the aesthetic level, these conditions are very much interesting in that they seem to limit unnoticeably the influence of the political and economical spheres. Following this desire for portable, immediate, relative, disorganized, and plural musics, one can observe an inversion of our values: the quantity of music listened to is no longer a sign of impoverishment, ignorance or of subordination to the market's economical laws, but can also be an expression of a desire for discovery and to strain an ear. A desire in which the stylistic and chronologic disorder can help found anew a historical and even anthropological continuity which seemed to have disappeared in the second half of the 20th century.

Musical e-learning is nowadays possible since the development of the technologies as the standard MIDI, which allow communication between computers and musical instruments, Internet, Web and multimedia tools. All those components combined together help to produce musical courses on CDs, which can be brought after on Internet or Intranet of musical institutions. This progress in musical education can be observed all over the world and we will see in this article various examples of musical's e-learning which as been applied in schools in France and Canada.

This paper traces the evolution of Quebec's government nuclear strategy between 1963 and 2012. The analysis is divided into three main periods: the emergence of a nuclear program between 1963 and 1970, a moment of political opposition on its long term evolution between 1971 and 1976, and its progressive abandonment between 1977 and 1983. With the commissioning of the Gentilly-2 nuclear plant in 1983, and up to its shutdown in 2012, no other nuclear project would be undertaken in the province. From the analysis of these periods, we highlight the reasons that led the government of Quebec to develop a local nuclear industry. We discuss the technical, political and economic factors that allowed the development of a nuclear program in spite of the massive investments in hydroelectricity during the seventies. Finally, we determine the political reasons that led the government to abandon the nuclear option in 1977.