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As the IAEA's expertise is once again at the center of negotiators' attention, this article shows the sometimes contradictory logic that influences the Agency's expert work. By examining the role of the IAEA's investigation in Iran in negotiations aimed at regulating Iranian nuclear activities (2003-2013), this article sheds light on the contemporary challenges of implementing safeguards in Iran. Based on interviews with diplomats and IAEA officials, this article hypothesized a politicization of the IAEA investigation, defined as the intensification of exchanges of “blows” between the political and technical sectors. This structural conceptualization of the politicization of the Iranian nuclear issue demonstrates how the IAEA investigation is both an autonomous technical process and a catalyst for negotiations to define Iran's (un)acceptable nuclear activities.

Keywords: AIEA, Iran, nucléaire, prolifération, snapback, organisation internationale, multilatéralisme, politisation, renseignement, IAEA, Iran, nuclear, proliferation, snapback, international organization, multilateralism, politicization, intelligence

The goal of this paper is to discuss the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the decentralized digital currencies in Africa, a region that serves as an incubator for innovations in the decentralized finance sector, but remains somewhat excluded from the field of academic research on these same issues. In addition to providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of the cryptocurrency market (particularly with regard to the categories and underlying technologies), this article relies on a SWOT analysis that draws some lessons and long-term perspectives while respecting the diversity of local and international concerns. It emerges that the popularity of the BASI-coins is built on a triple illusion: that of disintermediation, that of security and that of independence: miners remain essential, and oligopolies are being reconstituted in the cryptosphere which, from this point of view, does not differ from the traditional finance. In addition, even if the macro-financial framework of African countries seems de facto to lend itself to their adoption, it should be noted that their implementation requires addressing several challenges: both in terms of infrastructure (electricity/Internet access) and technology as well as institutional. Moreover, BASI-coins could compete with (future) sovereign digital currencies (Govcoins), and their widespread adoption could destabilize the financial systems due to pressure on foreign exchange reserves.

Keywords: BASI-coins, Cryptomonnaies, SWOT, Afrique, BASI-coins, Cryptocurrencies, SWOT, Africa

Do Quebecers have preferences regarding the origin of immigrants to be admitted? What are their expectations concerning acculturation? This study draws on survey data from majority-group Quebecers to explore their preferences regarding the origin of immigrants and acculturation. It then examines the prevalence of civic, ethnic, and cultural conceptions of national identity among these Quebecers and analyzes the relationship between these conceptions and the preferences expressed. The findings show that although Quebecers generally hold positive views about immigration, these views do not extend equally to immigrants from all countries.

Keywords: identité nationale, immigration, acculturation, opinion publique, Québec, national identity, immigration, acculturation, public opinion, Québec

Une controverse judiciaire internationale s’est consolidée en 2011 lorsqu’une faible majorité de la Cour Constitutionnelle de la République de Corée contredit un arrêt de 2006 de la Cour Suprême d’Israël. À l’unanimité, les juges israéliens ont conclu que même combinée avec une procédure de changement d’employeur, le système de permis de travail liés à un employeur spécifique crée une forme moderne d’esclavage et constitue une violation étatique injustifiable des droits fondamentaux à la liberté et à la dignité des travailleurs (im)migrants. Ainsi, certaines questions juridiques clés demeurent: d’autres politiques ont un impact similaire sur les droits fondamentaux à l’émission de permis de travail liés à un employeur? Les données empiriques confirment-elles que certaines mesures additionnelles de protection sont en mesure de réduire l’effet négatif des …

AbstractIn each of the world's major regional groupings the regionalism project has been promoted and shaped by the area's major powers. However, in East Asia, the asean members, rather than Japan or the People's Republic of China, have been at the heart of attempts to advance the cause of regionalism. Theories of European integration are of limited help in exploring why the relatively weak members of the East Asian region have been so successful in steering the regionalism project. By fusing an institutionalist approach embedded in a constructivist ontology, the argument is that asean's central role in regional initiatives comes from the association by member states of their national economic success with the expansion of their collective norms and practices in East Asia. Moreover, the member states' will comes from a fear of political and economic subordination to the region's major powers.

In general, Moscow's stated intention over the past several years to rebalance its diplomacy and foreign economic relations in favor of the “Asian vector” is met with skepticism. In Western countries, this rebalancing is frequently considered to be mainly the product of the crisis in strategic relations between Russia and the Euro-Atlantic community after the annexation of Crimea in 2014. Russian experts and scholars, meanwhile, also seem perplexed. However, as difficult as it may be, Russia's “Asian pivot” deserves attention, as for this country it corresponds to stakes and challenges that relate to both its security and its claimed great power status. The question is whether Russia is making the best use of the possibilities opened up by the Asian context, which has appeared a little more favourable to its interests in the recent past.

Keywords: Russie, Asie, commerce, économie, politique étrangère, sécurité, Russia, Asia, trade, economy, foreign policy, security

This study investigates essential elements of public libraries for teens. Based on the community engagement model, this study adopted a case study approach with a regional central library in Seoul, South Korea. Data were collected using interviews, surveys, and meetings with the local council. Analysis of the survey with 180 teens and 60 parents was performed. Interviews with 9 teens and 10 parents and 3 local council meetings were analyzed. The study suggests improvements in services for teens in Korean public libraries. The study shows that libraries should go beyond being a space for reading and studying to become a center of connected learning.

Keywords: bibliothèque publique, public library, services de bibliothèque, library services, adolescents, teens, engagement communautaire, community engagement, République de Corée, Republic of Korea