Documents found
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2621.More information
UN human rights mechanisms and their impact on the protection and promotion of human rights are still a concern to the actors of the international community. While the June 2002 report of the High Commissioner Pillay acknowledges the strengthening process of the monitoring of human rights treaty bodies (Dublin process), they try to combine the diversity and complementarity of such mechanisms through national and international coordination. What strategies are pushed for in this purpose and what are their limits with regards to their impact on intergovernmentalism and the takeover of the reform by national actors? Using the fragmentation of international law as a framework, this article analyses the measures considered in the report as strategies developed to cope with the UN mechanisms and standards, to analysis of the measures considered in the above as rationalization strategies to cope with the variety of UN human rights standards and monitoring mechanisms. Bearing in mind the importance of a "constructive dialogue" with the states, on one hand, and the states' influence in the implementation of the reform, on the other hand, the author intends to show that this rationalization is intended to bring limited coherence to ensure a normative and organic complementarity, which would partially solve the system's issues. Moreover, the implementation of this reform on the national level — especially for states that are considered "fragile" — depends on the will of the state actors. On top of an exemplary — but hard to attain — political will from states joining the treaty bodies in their support of the reform, such action requires transversal action, therefore complicating the task.
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2622.More information
One criticism generally addressed to the system of commercial preferences in favor of developing countries is their unilateral character. By legitimizing their recourse to achieve its objectives, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has set minimum granting conditions. The commercial preferences thus become a case of developed countries whose different practices sometimes lead to discrimination among beneficiaries with equal levels of development. The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) is a perfect illustration of this problem. Adopted in 2000 to promote trade between Sub-Saharan Africa and the United States of America, the AGOA goes beyond the traditional field of a law because of the relationships it is supposed to regulate. Its mixed results and its contestability before the Dispute Settlement Body of the WTO should encourage the beneficiaries and the donor to review the legal framework of the Afro-American cooperation.
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2623.More information
This paper proposes a systemic and dynamic approach of the vulnerability of territories to coastal risks. The approach is applied to two Small Island Developing States, the Maldives and Kiribati. The authors present the 'resources system” of such states and they discuss how the predictable impacts of climate change might affect their vulnerability. In addition, they expose the adaptive strategies developed by those island states as pioneers of adaptation, as they are on the first line of climate change impacts. It also shows that such countries raise major issues that are also relevant in other territorial contexts.
Keywords: risques liés à la mer, vulnérabilité, adaptation au changement climatique, Petits États Insulaires en Développement, Océan Indien, Océan Pacifique, coastal risks, vulnerability, adaptation to climate change, Small Island Developing States, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean
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2627.
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2630.