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AbstractThe new economic policy in Senegal aims to increase income of the poor and reduce its incidence. Poverty reduction strategy will be implemented in the context of trade liberalization in the agricultural sector. In the paper we develop a microsimulation computable general equilibrium model to analyze the distributional impact of economic reforms. This approach offers a good framework to link economic policies with poverty and inequality indices. Our results reveal negative impact of increases in world prices of agricultural imports. Policies targeting an increase in the productivity of farmers favor urban households over rural households. The results obtained from our model proposed herein reveal the importance of incidence analysis when policy makers design targeting policies.

Change is the modus operandi of contemporary organizations. In many organizations, they are constant, rapid and overlapping, creating a saturation of change. In such a context, change management becomes particularly complex. One of the main difficulties is related to the recipients, who may have difficulty coping with the changes. It becomes essential for managers to understand how recipients adapt to change in order to be more successful. Improving the recipients’ capacity to change (RCC) could be a key to change management. However, RCC can refer to different realities, so its dimensions and the levers that can promote it remain unclear. The objective of this study is to clarify the RCC and to identify the levers used to promote it. Thus, a systematic review of the literature on RCC was conducted in the following databases: ABI/INFORM, APA PsycInfo and Business Source Complete. The 69 articles selected were used to generate a conceptual map clarifying three dimensions of change capacity: openness to change (OC), commitment to change (CC) and behavioural support for change (BSC). These would represent a continuum of the recipient’s evolving positive responses to change. Three levers used to promote them (information and communication, support, and participation) were also identified. The preferred levers would evolve along the RCC continuum.

Keywords: Capacité à changer, adaptation au changement, réactions du destinataire, revue systématique de la littérature

Context: In the context of refractory cardiac arrest, dual external defibrillation (DED) has been attracting growing interest in recent years. Unlike traditional defibrillation, DED uses two defibrillators, either simultaneously or sequentially, to deliver shocks. This approach aims to maximize the likelihood of restoring a normal heart rhythm when conventional techniques fail. Although several studies have looked at DED in prehospital settings, there is a notable lack of data on its use in a hospital setting, particularly in the emergency department. Objective: To synthesize current knowledge on the use of DED in hospital settings, focusing on reported practices and issues related to its implementation. Methodology: A rapid review of the literature was conducted in accordance with the methodological recommendations of the Cochrane Rapid Review Methods Group (Garritty et al., 2024). The PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL et Cochrane Library databases were consulted. Results: The initial search identified 356 articles published between 2004 and 2024. A total of 15 articles were selected, detailing 18 case reports. Analysis of the cases highlighted the potential benefits, limitations, and risks associated with the use of DED in hospital settings. Conclusion: DED is a technique generally used as a last resort, after traditional methods have failed. To date, the limited robustness of the available studies does not allow its effectiveness to be established in comparison with simple defibrillation. Randomized controlled trials are therefore necessary to confirm its effectiveness. For future practice, the uniqueness of clinical cases must be considered and a risk-benefit analysis must be undertaken by healthcare teams during prolonged resuscitation. Standardization of procedures will also be essential to ensure optimal use of DED.

Keywords: Refractory cardiac arrest, arrêt cardiaque réfractaire, double défibrillation, dual defibrillation, urgence, emergency, resuscitation, réanimation