Documents found
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361.More information
Launched belatedly in November 2022, Canada's Indo-Pacific Strategy (CIPS) aims to position Canada in the region by targeting five objectives (1 - Peace and Security 2 - Trade 3 - Migration Fluidity 4 – Environment 5 - Engagement). These objectives define Canada's approach, which is both original and similar to other Indo-Pacific Strategies (IPS) launched by several countries. This article compares the CIPS with a dozen other Indo-Pacific strategies around the world, comparing Canada's five objectives to those of other countries, in addition to deciding whether the Chinese challenge is shared by all IPSs, as is the case with Canada. There is little originality in this comparison, except with respect to immigration and interest in the Arctic.
Keywords: Canada, Inde, Chine, États-Unis, Indo-Pacifique, Canada, India, China, United-States, Indo-Pacific
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362.More information
Can the knowledge so pertinent to our respective field of research, be useful in the public sphere ? To answer this question, this essay explores the multi facets of the author of fourth century Indian Buddhist texts, Maitreya. As surprising as this may seem, the presence of Maitreya reaches our world, even today. This observation opens the door to a critical comment on the role of specialists in the public sphere and concludes that the specialist play a key role, sometimes without even knowing.
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364.More information
On August 12th 1978 the People's Republic of China and Japan signed a treaty of peace and friendship that solemnly recognized the reconciliation between Peking and Tokyo. The original character and political, economic and geo-strategic meaning of this signal document can only be understood by placing it within Us true context. In fact, this context has two facets. The Sino-Japanese treaty can first be seen in an historical context that must be kept in mind since the « Far Eastern Question » has, from the end of the 19th century, been at the heart of Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese relations as well as constituting an ongoing concern for the major European powers. Prior to 1939, Japanese imperialism had succeeded in imposing its law in China and in East Asia establishing what Tokyo called a « co-prosperity sphere ». During the Second World War, the United States, Great Britain and the USSR - allies against the common enemy - had to take important decisions with regard to Japan to prepare the terms of occupation. The San Francisco Peace Treaty of 1951 established the new American-Japanese relationship. Normalization of Soviet-Japanese relations began with the signing of the joint declaration of 1956.The August 12th 1978 Peace Treaty between Peking and Tokyo can be further seen as part of specific diplomatic context comprising the Sino-Soviet conflict, East-West détente and the Sino-American rapprochement that opened the way - immediately after President Nixon's trip to China in February 1972 - for the Sino-Japanese rapprochement.Legally, the Treaty contains only five short sections, the most original of which being the « anti-hegemony » clause provided for in section 2. Diplomatically, it is not exaggerated to recognize in this Sino-Japanese agreement an element of a New International Political Order presently taking form and that has to necessarily accompany the implantation of the « New International Economic Order » that the countries of the Third World have been demanding since 1974.
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365.More information
A brief historical survey of the u.s. export controls on strategic goods indicate the importance of the Cold War in achieving these objectives as well as the importance of polycentrism across and within the institutions and agencies concerned. The proliferation of controls has brought about a large area of freedom for the implementation of foreign policy by the executive branch of the Government. After the end of the Cold War, one can surmise that the emphasis mil be felt at three different levels : a greater discretion by national actors in the implementation of export controls policy, a greater harmonization of multilateral efforts designed at promoting the nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and greater cleavages between those who want to relax export controls for economic reasons and those who want to strengthen them for security reasons. On the whole, the multiplicity of legislative actions and organizations concerned can only reinforce the freedom of action of the executive branch of the Government.
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368.