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821.More information
AbstractTranslation is an act of communication across dissimilar cultures as well as a dynamic activity in which translators are required to make choices and decisions for the purpose of resolving problems. This paper draws on metaphoric expressions and their translations to recapitulate that the work of translation is not limited to the languages or the texts involved but is a dynamic activity that bridges two diverse cultures. Metaphoric expressions are non-literal, have implied meanings, and are used to emphasize a point or to enhance the expression's impressibility. Furthermore, metaphoric expressions are affected greatly by the culture to which they belong because they are created through a complex interaction between object, image, and sense. Consequently, in order to properly communicate the true meanings of these metaphoric expressions, translators play the role of an active mediator by either replacing the metaphoric expression found in ST with a different but compatible metaphoric expression or by using non-metaphoric, descriptive expressions or by appending additional explanation. This paper uses Korean translations of metaphoric expressions found in Russian source texts as examples to discuss the socio-cultural differences between the two cultures, how these characteristics are revealed in Russian-Korean translations, and how these issues are overcome. Based on the research results, the paper also emphasizes that understanding the vastly different socio-cultural characteristics of these two cultures is essential to the field of Russian-Korean translation with its relatively short history, to not only improve the quality of translations but also for the field's continual advancements.
Keywords: metaphoric expression, culture, literal meaning, implicit meaning, translator training
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822.
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823.More information
AbstractThe aim of this article is to present vote functions and voter behavior. Using vote functions, one can explain and forecast the outcomes of elections. In the United States, the outcomes for the past presidential elections are usually well explained and the forecasts are quite satisfactory. In France, the very small number of presidential elections makes the specification of vote functions more difficult, and the forecasts are more dubious.
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825.More information
In a tentative project to understand how its own creativity led the advanced capitalism to the subprime crisis in the U. S., Saskia Sassen dicovers a secret link between high finance and an essentially formal approach of territorial realities. Where the average human being considers the earth worth to be valuated in itself as the basis for any human life, and any people as being entitled to be protected from misery by the resource they can flow into the social system, it suddenly appears that the financial techniques, such as the LBOS's are not restricted to corporate assets. Hence a comparison between what is actually occuring in most of the Global South countries, which are not only exporting their natural resources but selling their territories to foreign companies, and what happened with the subprime mortgage system. In both cases, the advanced capitalism created "surplus populations" effectively excluded from their own villages or houses. It becomes impossible for most of the people in the South to develop their own products. And in the Global North, a vast number of people were captured by distorted mortgage techniques, and left apart without any possibility to get what money they have spent into the system back. What is next ?