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211.More information
Black-label written by Léon-Gontran Damas is an experience that is both poetic and geographic: the poet bends language to his different moods, the consequences of a consumption of whiskey staged by writing and seeks to explore this triangular identity "black, destitute, man", but also "African, Amerindian, European". Damas’surrealism is built on the reappropriation of a Negro history and culture that involves an imaginary matrix of hybrid geographicity and poeticity. Damas’ imaginary first takes us on a journey through space and time, drawing the land and the history of reference for the Black people. It feeds a poetic language which draws from these different territories and makes Creole and the Amerindian resonate in his own clear French language.
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Based on the recognition, in critical discourse, of an “absence” of novels dealing with economic reality, my hypothesis is that this type of novel, historically forming a “literature of cliché,” was modified by the publication of a certain number of narratives at the turn of the 2010 decade. I start by exploring the various designations of this novelistic “genre,” using the results of searches in BAnQ's digitized periodicals and newspapers. I suggest that the “social novel” is an operative, though not a dominant, category in which to inscribe what Nelly Wolf refers to as “democratic aesthetics.” I then provide a sociocritical analysis of two “social novels”: La mémoire du papier by Nicolas Tremblay (2016) and Querelle de Roberval by Kevin Lambert (2018). My analysis of the representations of labour and workers' memory in these novels shows that they invest the stereotype associated with the “social novel” while also renewing it – in one case by using the fantastic genre, in the other through a dialectical representation of homosexual sexuality.
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One characterized by its insularity and remoteness from major sea trade routes, the Pacific Ocean region is becoming a focal point of international relations. Since the end of the Second World War, a complex and multifaceted multilateral architecture was implemented, resulting in the creation of multiple multilateral institutions. Numerous regional powers also exert a growing influence by addressing bilateral and minilateral policies towards Pacific Island countries. The emergence of the Indo-Pacific framework, a new concept in international relations adopted by many regional powers, questions the significance of the Pacific Ocean region within this new geopolitical landscape.
Keywords: Pacifique océanien, multilatéralisme, Indo-Pacifique, relations internationales, géopolitique, Pacific Ocean, multilateralism, Indo-Pacific, international relations, geopolitics
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In her article, “Le parti pris du niaiseux,” Laurence Côté-Fournier recreates a community of authors and artists around Mathieu Arsenault who are united by their sense of self-deprecation and their taste for irony, giving silliness “a new legitimacy, a new visibility.” To support her point-of-view, she brings together selected works of Québécois literature, including those of Réjean Ducharme and of François Blais, and examines the manner in which they embrace “inconsistencies and ridicule as a way to express a generalized fatigue with anyone who takes her or himself too seriously.” Working with this highly pertinent premise, we proceed to analyze representations of friendship in the work of François Blais. It is a question of reflecting on what friendship reveals about the rapport with the other, but also with reality, in Blais' fictional world. How does it serve as a refuge, a crutch, for his main characters? What influence does it have on the very form of the novels? How does it provide a glimpse into a disenchantment with living together and even with the possibility of forming a community? In what ways does it allow us to think about the community as it evolves over time; or to be more precise, how does friendship allow us to reflect on the alliance formed by the characters and their author? In the end, these questions lead us to consider the paradoxical role that one can attribute to these friendships, sorts of restricted communities that quietly resist a group larger than themselves while belonging somewhat to it . Above all, they shed light on the familiarity or the kind of uninhibited proximity that emerges from Blais' novels, whose narrators are most often on a first name basis with language, literature, history and their reality.
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La guerre de course européenne connaît son apogée au XVIIIe siècle, en particulier durant la guerre de Succession d’Espagne (1701-1713). Cette activité a des répercussions jusque dans les colonies, qui sont éventuellement dotées des institutions nécessaires au jugement des prises ramenées par les corsaires, les amirautés. Le fonctionnement de ces dernières est géré par l’Ordonnance de la Marine de 1681, autant en France que dans les colonies françaises. Alors que le jugement des prises en métropole a été l’objet d’étude de quelques auteurs, il n’y a pas d’étude qui explore en détail ce sujet dans les colonies. Ce mémoire pose alors la question suivante : comment se déroule le jugement des prises dans les amirautés coloniales au XVIIIe siècle, plus précisément de 1690 à 1760 …
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Les Portugais infortunés, an early 17th-century tragedy by Nicolas Chrétien des Croix based on the story of a Portuguese shipwreck off the coast of Mozambique, has often been read as a Montaign play relativising the cruelty of Africans and as a contribution to the black legend warning the French against the excesses of Iberian colonisation. It is also one of the few plays of the period to feature black characters, and provides important evidence of the racialisation of Africans, whose skin colour is associated with negative values. This article focuses on the representation of white skin as a mirror image of black skin, and examines the reversal of the topos of the valorisation of skin whiteness, from which the racialisation of white skin proceeds, becoming ‘whiteness’.
Keywords: blanchité, corps, voyage, théâtre du xviie siècle, race, colonialisme, whiteness, body, voyage, 17th-century theatre, race, colonialism
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