Documents found
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91.More information
AbstractSince the postwar European settlement, sheer power politics have not been the rule, nor the source of legitimacy. The evolution of European debates led to a rejection of any notion of a European leadership. The external policy of the European Union is based on a normative approach of external relations, which is construed by the US as evidence of weakness. Today, the US, acting as a real superpower, has no qualms about using its power, even unilaterally. America and Europe still share common values, but their strategic cultures differ, and lead to separate positions on the international scene. However, faced with the challenges of the 21st century, both sides of the Atlantic share common interests.
Keywords: puissance, valeurs, unilatéralisme, multilatéralisme, intérêt national, power, values, unilateralism, multilateralism, national interest
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93.More information
AbstractThe fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 has elicited great hopes, which have to a large extent matched the peoples' expectations. In fact, once rid of totalitarianism, Eastern Europe renewed with democracy and has since known a relative growth due to economic liberalism, while integrating successfully into the European Union (EU) and dissipating fears inherited from the Cold War. Today, however, the disenchantment prevails. Europe has been unable to improve its institutions, preferring to expand rather than to deepen. Furthermore, through their unilateralist policy, the United States of America revived tensions that were thought to be over between the East and the West.
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94.More information
Throughout the XIXth century federalism in Eastern Europe sought to regroup small nations and states within federal structures capable of guaranteeing their collective independence in the long-term vis-à-vis those powers directly interested in that region of the continent.After the First World War the federalist forces of Eastern Europe, conscious of the tragic effects of the balkanization of Central and Eastern Europe, had approached regional reconstruction in a spirit of unity. This unity, whose spirit and idea derived from a common historical experience, was taken up by the progressive forces active within the resistance during the Second World War.Shortly thereafter, among the political forces tending to promote regional unity, the socialist and communist parties engaged in activities of major importance. From their initial perspective, the solidarity of the Eastern Countries was to lead to the establishment of federal structures without the adhesion of the Soviet Union.
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95.More information
SUMMARYTendencies in foetal-infant mortality in countries characterized by very low overall mortality rates should be set forth in terms of health. First with respect to physical health, greater use of technology in reproductive matters is translated by an increase in both survival rates of very low birth weight infants and, in certain countries, in multiple deliveries. Next concerning social health, given the persistence and potential deepening of social inequalities, it is unlikely that overall rates have reached a peak. Several indicators can be developed with vital statistics, including incidence of low and very low birth weight, specific risks by birth weight, and differential risks by social characteristics of the parents. These phenomena can be monitored and, to a certain extent, compared in a large number of European countries.
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AbstractBased on several years of fieldwork, this article analyzes the awakening of ethnicity in Europe through the historical case of The Church of Pentecost of Ghana, an “indigenous” and transnational Church. The Church of Pentecost, now established in fifteen European countries, encompasses a community primarily made up of Ghanaian migrants. Unlike the case in the colonial period, which saw the evangelization of Africans and the training of “Black pastors”, the Church of Pentecost is now moving into the evangelization and “rechristianisation” of White Europeans. What role, then, does the Church play in these communities of migrants, and what is their response to a context of tension between the need for identity and the need to integrate socially to European societies?
Keywords: pentecôtisme, ethnicité, Ashanti, Europe, migration, migrants ghanéens, Pentecostalism, ethnicity, Asante, Europe, migration, Ghanaian migrants
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100.More information
This article compares the works and careers of Leo Africanus, Moroccan geographer born in Granada, and of the Morisco Ahmad al-Hajarî, focusing on their contributions to travel literature and to the development of Oriental studies in Europe.
Keywords: Jean Léon l'Africain (v. 1490- v. 1554), Ahmad al-Hajarî (1569 ou 70 – après 1640), Orientalisme, littérature de voyage, Morisques, écrivains marocains, Leo Africanus (ca. 1490-ca. 1554), Ahmad al-Hajarî (1569 or 70 – after 1640), Orientalism, travel literature, Moriscos, Moroccan writers, Juan León el Africano (ca. 1490-ca. 1554), Ahmad al-Hajarî (1569 o 70 – después de 1640), orientalismo, literatura de viajes, Moriscos, escritores marroquí