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AbstractThis article is an abridged version of a document presented by the author at the World Conference on Employment held in Geneva in 1976. The study deals successively with the role of transnational enterprises in the production (and marketing) of exports to other LDC's and developed countries, the composition of these exports as well as their short and long-term effects on economic development, government revenues, employment and income. Outlining difficulties with which the LDC's will be confronted in their promotion of the export sector, the author puts forward several policy areas where active negotiations between developed countries and LDC's could lead to substantial improvement.

ABSTRACTThe Canadian dollar is presently (1990) overvalued. The Canadian authorities should let it depreciate promptly to a level of 78 to 80 US cents, and then keep it firmly within this range. The general case is based on modern monetary theory and history. Specific criticisms of the Bank of Canada's defense of flexible exchange rates complete the argument.

This article is intended to support organizations that contribute to the development of recognition of prior learning (RPL) to promote access to regulated professions where there is a shortage. It uses the teaching profession in Quebec as an example. The method is a review of the literature on university RPL published between 2005 and 2021, in nine databases and in the work of organizations active in RPL empirical research. The content analysis framework focuses on the functions and phases of the RPL process in universities, particularly of learning realized in non-formal or informal contexts. The review confirms that this type of recognition can be complex to achieve and that its implementation relies on continuous efforts to allow for a progressive adhesion of the personnel involved and a coherent institutional message. The article suggests avenues for action and research to create favourable conditions for RPL.

Keywords: Reconnaissance des acquis, Recognition of prior learning, université, university, profession réglementée, regulated profession, enseignement, teaching, recension des écrits, literature review

Corporate social responsibility strategies depend on the ownership structure of the firm. This article examines the effect of the discrepancy between cash-flow rights and control rights (excess control) on corporate social responsibility (CSR). The analyses of a sample of French listed firms show that firms with excess control achieve significantly lower CSR performance than those without excess control. Family ownership increases the negative effect of excess control on CSR performance, while the presence of other major shareholders neutralizes this effect. Our results are robust to the use of multiple measures of excess control, CSR performance, and control for potential endogeneity issues.

Keywords: Excès de contrôle, entreprises contrôlées, propriété concentrée, actionnaire ultime, performance RSE, excess control, controlled firms, concentrated ownership, ultimate shareholder, CSR performance, Exceso de control, empresas controladas, propiedad concentrada, accionista final, resultados de RSE

For thirty years, Moncton's Centre culturel Aberdeen has been known to be a francophone space, dedicated to Acadian artistic creation and collaboration. In the present text, I will describe how this center serves as reclaimed territory in a minority setting, where English is the legitimate language on the local linguistic marketplace. I will show how the Centre, an Acadian cultural institution, contributes to the construction of an Acadian society, through regionalization, mediation between francophones and anglophones, and the establishment of a public voice for Acadian social actors. Then, I will regard the discourse of these social actors vis-à-vis their participation in the Canadian francophone artistic market. I propose that the challenges that the Centre faces in the era of globalization are emblematic of those experienced by other institutions and social actors in minority societies in Francophone Canada.

Keywords: société acadienne, Nouveau-Brunswick, institutions culturelles, médiation culturelle, marché linguistique, Acadian society, New Brunswick, cultural institutions, cultural mediation, linguistic marketplace

In 2007, an innovative school program, “Option-études Châteauguay”, was launched, offering a unique opportunity for Quebec secondary school students educated in linguistically divided school boards to come together in a shared second-language learning experience. More specifically, it allowed students to crossover to the other educational sector and spend half the year in a French-medium school and the other half in an English-medium school, while respecting the educational clauses of Quebec's Charter of the French Language. This program is unique in two ways: it is based on an intergroup contact model developed in social psychology; and it brings together students in a shared schooling experience in their second language, organized around themes that draw on common interests, such as sports and entrepreneurial studies. A qualitative and longitudinal research study assessed the perceived short- and mid-term impacts of this experience on students' intercommunity relationships and identities.

Keywords: programme d'immersion, contacts intergroupes, Québec, écoles, bilinguisme, savoir-vivre ensemble, identité linguistique, étude longitudinale, immersion program, intergroup contact, Quebec, schools, bilingualism, savoir-vivre ensemble, linguistic identity, longitudinal research

Current trends show that governments and health institutions in Canada and other developed nations are responding inadequately to the growing need for health services of the increasingly aging population. The Analysis of Statistics Canada's 2006 post-census Survey on the Vitality of Official Language Minorities show that in addition to age and other socio-demographic determinants, linguistic barriers affect the self-rated health of seniors of official languages living in a minority situation. This study suggests among other things a greater understanding of Official language minorities' contextual realities, the improvement of both the linguistic environment and services in the minority language.

Keywords: déterminants de la santé, statut minoritaire, santé perçue, minorités linguistiques, aînés, health determinants, minority status, self-rated health, linguistic minorities, older adults