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AbstractA review of coastal erosion dynamics in the St. Lawrence maritime Estuary and Gulf demonstrates that shoreline retreat in unconsolidated formations varies between 0.5 and 2.0 m/yr. The data indicate a recent acceleration of coastal erosion that corresponds with the anticipated global trend resulting from climatic change. Saltmarshes are the most sensitive to coastal erosion, with some upper marshes having already disappeared in the last decade. In cold regions saltmarshes are affected by numerous processes such as undercutting by waves and tidal currents, ice foot scouring, freeze-thaw processes, wetting and drying processes, biologic processes and anthropogenic activities. Wave action during spring tides or storm surges is an important factor causing shoreline retreat in sandy cliffs, whereas cryogenic and hydrogeological processes are mainly responsible for reactivation and erosion of silt and clay-based cliffs in deltaic environments. In maritime Québec, quantitative seasonal studies are needed to develop a better understanding of spatio-temporal process distribution and to better assess the causes that regulate coastal erosion in mid-latitude cold regions.

Abstract“Fraught With All Sorts of Dangers” examines how the uniquely fragmented Dominion Parliament of 1924 handled Bill 47, An Act incorporating the United Church of Canada. It offers fresh insight into the issue of Church Union in Canada by exploring how a religiously and politically charged private member's bill forced federal politicians to consider the relationship between church and state in Canada, dredged up old divisions between English-speaking Protestants and French-speaking Roman Catholics, raised questions about the limits of federal and provincial jurisdictions and, at times, challenged parliamentary procedure. The paper explores the ways in which the Liberal government of William Lyon Mackenzie King attempted to avoid many of the controversies of the issue, ones which would later inflict political consequences upon Arthur Meighen and his opposition Conservative Party. Following public protests on Parliament Hill, the scale of which had never been witnessed, and following several lengthy, religiously infused debates in the House of Commons, Bill 47 was passed into law. Although the Church Union issue had raised many uncomfortable questions regarding the interaction of church and state, in the end, the interests of political expediency left most questions unresolved.

This essay presents a critical analysis of the economic theory of corporations and its idioms, such as “nexus of contracts”, “agency costs”, and “shareholder value”. It calls for the development of a richer and more inclusive theory of business corporations that draws on the experience of the last three decades and better addresses the needs of the post-Enron, post-AIG world.The author identifies the following shortcomings of the economic theory of corporations. First, the contractarian interpretation overlooks the role of law and public policy in corporations. Second, using share prices as the yardstick of corporate performance and encouraging practices such as the buyback of shares have serious implications for the competitiveness and sustainability of corporations. Third, there is inadequate attention to the characteristic and normative distinctions between debt and equity. And fourth, hostile takeovers are treated as virtually the only solution to entrenched managements. The problem of managerial power must be reviewed in the light of evidence regarding managerial power and the efficacy of boards. Equally, there is a case for developing a more deliberated, fair, and equitable policy on executive pay.

During last decades, the researchers noted an increase in the number of people with intellectual disability who became parents (McConnel, 2008; Pixa-Kettner, 2008). Few studies were interested in the sensitivity of the mothers with intellectual disability. However the maternal sensitivity is recognized as a factor which plays an important part for the quality of the attachment mother-child (de Wolf & van Ijzendoorn, 1997) and the global development of the child (Aunos, Goupil, & Feldman, 2004). A recension of the scientific writings was carried out on the parentality and the sensitivity of the people with intellectual disability. This article has as goals: 1) to better determine the phenomenon of the parentality by people with intellectual disability; 2) to describe the various factors which influence the quality of the parental relation and particularly the part played by the maternal sensitivity for this specific population. The discussion relates to the means to set up for supporting the parents with intellectual disability and of offering to their children optimum conditions for development.

Keywords: sensibilité maternelle, déficience intellectuelle, parentalité, maternal sensitivity, intellectual disability, parentality

The Saint-François River Valley was occupied starting 10 000 years ago by hunters of the Plano culture. The Cascades 5 site contributes to fill a cultural void between 8000 and 10 000 years ago with an Early Archaic component. The depth of the artifacts required the input of a pedologist to confirm the existence of a buried soil horizon. The material culture shows striking similarities with assemblages belonging to the Gulf of Maine Archaic Tradition. A clear dominance of unifacial tools, mostly produced on quartz, characterizes the Cascades 5 site assemblage, which can be dated to around 10 000 years ago based on an optically stimulated luminescence date obtained from a fire-cracked rock. An adaptation to the resources of the interior of northern Maine and the Saint-François River Valley during warm months supports an image of strong contacts and a network that crossed the Boundary Mountains. These groups shared technological choices, a lithic source network of rhyolites confirmed by geoarchaeology, and probably other cultural traits that have left no traces on these archaeological sites.

Keywords: archéologie, Estrie, Archaïque, culture matérielle, approche multidisciplinaire, archaeology, Eastern Townships, Archaic, material culture, multidisciplinary approach, arqueología, Estrie, Arcaico, cultura material, perspectiva multidisciplinaria