Documents found
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614.More information
P.N. Savitsky (1895-1968) was a Russian pioneer of the so-called "structural geography", because of its links with the Prague linguistic circle. He was the first to propose, during and after World War I, a geopolitical vision of "Eurasia", an entity which, according to its advocates, is neither Europe nor Asia, but the "place of development" of the Russian Empire and the USSR, successor of the Mongol Empire. The "Eurasia" trend finds its origin in the Russian cultural tradition, which provides it an interpretation of evolution with "internal laws" and "external influences" establishing a natural link between language, culture and Landschaft of peoples, considered as living organisms. The second origin is an original usage of the geographical method of his time. It consists of underlining the definition of "cores" to build up "structures", delimited by the overlapping of natural or human isolines.
Keywords: Eurasie, géopolitique, linguistique, structures, P.N. Savitsky, Eurasia, geopolitics, linguistics, structures, P.N. Savitsky
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617.More information
This article presents the findings of a survey conducted in 2003 among 54 agricultural schools in fifteen Western European countries aimed at identifying courses connected with the agricultural cooperative movement that are currently being offered by these institutions. While the literature insists on the need to provide training specific to cooperatives for managers, the survey shows the limited commitment of agricultural schools to this field. The majority of schools that replied to the survey do not offer specific courses and only a handful of them devote a substantial part of their programs to the subject of cooperatives or even offer specialized degrees. In view of this situation and the funding constraints of higher education, the author raises the question of whether initiatives for inter-university partnerships, particularly at the European level, should be developed.
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619.More information
Despite many different research efforts over the past thirty years, one can still attend a conference and learn that Simmel was a radical nationalist who sang in this chorus throughout the First World War. The main references in this respect are the memories of the younger intellectuals of the time like Lukács and Bloch. There is no attempt at assessment – neither of Simmel's writings nor of his letters. In contrast, the present paper deals with the issue of Simmel's attitude to the war by focusing on its different periods and by reconstructing the twists and turns that changed it. After an analysis of the reasons that led Lukács and Bloch to claim Simmel's treason, it describes the unique aspect of Simmel's early position about the war. In this context, especially the issue of “clearing up” the foreign countries and Simmel's exchange with Albion Small deserve particular attention. The effects of Simmel's change of opinion since the spring of 1915 are then reconstructed with reference to his later war writings, especially the anthology on The War and Decisions of the Spirit (1917) as well as his late reflection on the theory of modernity in the essay on “The Conflict of Modern Culture” (1918).
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620.More information
While media and sometimes academic discourses regularly pit pro-globalization neo-liberal governments against populist governments advocating a nationalist and protectionist retreat, the article shows that contemporary populist governments such as Trump, Bolsonaro, Johnson or Orban’s are in fact the product of various currents of neo-liberalism that emerged in the early 1990s and that have relied on a nationalist matrix to push for more economic liberalization against transnational organizations deemed too protective and regulatory. Rather than falling into a false opposition between globalism and nationalism, it would therefore be preferable to recognize that the global economic-political game is increasingly structured around a national-neoliberalism.