Documents found
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3131.More information
Literary writing places literature and the writing subject at the heart of teaching, namely by fostering creativity as well as connections between literary reading and writing. This study examines Quebec primary teachers' relationship to literary writing and their teaching practices associated with writing and reading, based on a questionnaire administered to a sample of 92 teachers. Variance analyses uncovered that the teachers who answered the questionnaire show a generally positive relationship to literary writing. However, although some practices bear witness to a concern for the literary aspect of writing, the teachers report that they rarely have their students write literary texts. These results underscore the need for a renewal of writing instruction practices.
Keywords: rapport à l'écriture, écriture littéraire, enseignement primaire, pratiques d'enseignement, lecture littéraire, relationship to writing, literary writing, primary instruction, teaching practices, literary reading, relación con la escritura, escritura literaria, enseñanza primaria, prácticas de enseñanza, lectura literaria
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3132.More information
The transfer of research knowledge has become a key area of investigation in a number of fields. Whether in the health, social, human and applied sciences, in education, or in management, research continually seeks to narrow the gap between the knowledge that is produced and the realities that are observed in practice. Based on a review of the literature published between 2007 and 2013, this article sets out to situate knowledge transfer in education with respect to what is going on globally in other fields. Accordingly, the text addresses distinctions as well as challenges and prospects.
Keywords: transfert des connaissances, pratique, recherche, formation, éducation, knowledge transfer, practice, research, training, education, transferencia de conocimientos, práctica, investigación, formación, educación
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3135.More information
The research discussed in this paper presents an analysis of socio-cognitive mechanisms of the genesis of parental affection in the case of international and domestic adoption in France. Our goal is to demonstrate that parental affection results from the interaction between adoptive parents, who construct and interiorise their adoption project, and institutional actors who impose adoption norms and constraints throughout administrative procedures. The cognitive dimension of affection is explored through the concept of mental files borrowed from analytical philosophy. The results of the research present an analysis of the ways adoptive parents construct and interiorise the mental files of adoptees along with the ways they include the latter in the family lineage.
Keywords: Construction de l'affection, construction de la parenté, l'attachement, anthropologie de la parenté, Construction of Affection, Kinning, Kinship, Kinship Studies
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3136.More information
The digital and audiovisual archival documents (documents audiovisuels numériques d'archives), referred here as DANA, are becoming an integral part of digital technology and their growth is exponential. However, there is a gap that needs to be filled between the present uses and practices of DANA and the online services offered by heritage institutions. The gap between present uses and its services is notably ensued by a lack of defining the properties and characteristics of DANA. Yet, taking them into account is essential in order to establish the organizational and dissemination modalities of DANA, which facilitate their use. First, the analysis of the document's aspects, the audiovisual, archival and digital format, underlines these properties and characteristics, bringing us to considerate many potential and tangible solutions : In regards to the content, archival transfer and operation, digital access, user and institutional relationships and lastly, the future technological developments in order to improve the compatibility between, on one hand, DANA and its users and, on the other hand, the means and modalities in place by institutions on the Web.
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3137.More information
ObjectiveTo analyze the differences in the use of alcohol and illicit drugs according to sexual orientation among men and women.MethodsL'Enquête Presse Gays et Lesbiennes 2011 is a self-administered cross-sectional survey of volunteers responding to a questionnaire available on gay and lesbian websites. Respondents aged 18 years or over, living in France, who have had sexual intercourse in their lifetime were selected for this analysis. Alcohol consumption is measured by the frequency of use in the last twelve months, the number of drinks each day and the consumption of six or more drinks on the same occasion. Use of cannabis, ecstasy or cocaine is measured by consumption once or more in the last twelve months. Sexual orientation is measured by two indicators: self-identification and sex of partners. Self-identification as “bisexual” or “gay/lesbian” is reported by 2 675 women and 8 725 men, sex of partners during lifetime for 2 747 women and 9 001 men and sex of the partners in the last twelve months for 2 871 women and 8 974 men.ResultsWhile significant differences in socio-demographic and sexual history were observed for self-identification, substance use varied less by self-identification than by sex of partners, for both women and men. Respondents who had partners of both sexes reported higher levels of alcohol and drug use. Elements of lifestyle, psychological distress and discrimination did not explain observed differences in substance use by sex of partners.ConclusionUnderstanding what underlies these differences in consumption remains a major public health concern.
Keywords: alcool, drogues illicites, orientation sexuelle, comportement sexuel, alcohol use, illicit drug use, sexual orientation, sexual behavior, alcohol, drogues ilícitas, orientación sexual, comportamiento sexual
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3138.More information
DMT (N,N-dimethyltryptamine) is a potent short-lasting tryptamine with growing appeal in the last decade, independent from ayahuasca, the Amazonian visionary brew of which it is an integral ingredient. Known to effect out-of-body states, and to produce profound changes in sensory perception, mood and thought, DMT has inspired an underground community of enthusiasts who typically embrace the “entheogenic” propensities of this and other compounds. Drawing upon user-reports posted in online repositories and other sources the article focuses on the “breakthrough” event associated with the DMT experience. Likened to a gnosis event, and sometimes compared with a near-death experience, the DMT breakthrough potentiates significant outcomes associated with perceived contact with “entities” and the transmission of information often in the form of visual language. The breakthrough gnosis offers insight on the liminal phenomenology of DMT and other tryptamines, given primary expression in reported travels in “hyperspace.” User-reports of DMT hyperspace evince a transitional process that is individualised, internal, and “ritual like.” While private, the ontological conditions of the DMT trance are shared publically, albeit typically anonymously, by way of experiential (or “trip”) report posted on the Internet (e.g. Erowid and DMT-Nexus). As the Internet provides a transnational homeland and means of expression for this user-community, the article explores its pivotal role in the formation of a global community of practitioners and enthusiasts. While cyberspace (digital hyperspace) possesses a quality of disembodiment informing the experience of DMT hyperspace, rather than mere simulation, or “virtual reality,” the liminal ontology of DMT space is recognised by practitioners as transpersonally authentic. Adopting tropes of travel, passage and transition, these experiential reports comprise a meta-ritual rhetoric. As an exploratory discussion of an under-researched phenomenon, the article unpacks “hyperspace” by way of three forms of transmission characterising its meta-ritualised phenomenology.
Keywords: DMT, enthéogène, hyperespace, rituel, liminalité, cyberespace, DMT, entheogen, hyperspace, ritual, liminality, cyberspace, DMT, enteógeno, hiperespacio, ritual, liminalidad, ciberespacio
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3139.More information
The article consists of three parts. First, we present the challenges of today's schools in terms of the logic of exclusion, which is often applied for reasons that should be deconstructed and analyzed. We recall values defended by the new school of the past century to reconstruct the principles of inclusive education, and to identify the weight of social representations that stand in the way of these principles. A theoretical model, carried out as part of a basic inter-university study, illustrates this logic through teacher representations in light of sociological considerations.In the second part, we present examples of innovative projects by identifying, from our perspective as researchers, the ones that belong to the inclusive approach and contribute to resolving situations dominated by weighty unspoken beliefs that block the ideal of living together in harmony.Finally, we bring out a discussion through the organization of the projects presented with the theoretical model in two synthetic tables, allowing us to identify three factors for establishing an inclusive project in a school facing problems like stigmatization or a high drop-out rate.
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3140.More information
In this contribution, our focus is on the analysis of teachers' representations of the management of cultural diversity in the French-speaking Belgian education system. Indeed, in this system, students from immigrant backgrounds experience major inequalities (school segregation and relegation). These students express a strong sense of injustice in questionnaires on discrimination. While there are many studies on student perceptions, little research has been done on teacher perceptions. These representations are therefore an important lever for action in teacher training (awakening to and awareness of stereotypes and reflection on pedagogical practices). In Belgium, not only do school personnel have little training in the management of cultural diversity, but general education policies do not include this dimension in their guidelines.We subsequently conducted a survey of 50 teachers to identify: 1) how aware they were of the inequalities experienced by students with an immigrant background; and 2) their causal attribution mechanisms in terms of these students' educational backgrounds (to what do they attribute these students' academic success or failure?). The analysis of the results highlights the lack of teacher awareness of inequalities and a connection to internal attributions (school success is attributed to students' skills and abilities). On the other hand, perceiving inequalities allows for the development of external and system-related attributions. These results are contemplated with regard to the issues of teacher training.