Documents found
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3301.More information
The objective of this article is to discuss the governance of agricultural lands in proximity to a major urban center. The analysis of land-use conflicts highlights the complex relationships between the urban center and its agricultural peripheries. From this perspective, we examine the case of the largest French urban agglomeration, the Grand Paris metropolitan area (Île-de-France). We begin by presenting the concepts and challenges that characterize the existence of this regional peri-urban agriculture, along with our methodological approach, developed through interviews with local experts, analysis of regional daily press, and social media monitoring. Our aim is to cross-reference these data to better characterize the conflicts affecting agricultural zones. The study reveals, in particular, three primary sources of conflict, respectively related to urban sprawl and real estate speculation, the installation of urban infrastructures, and the absence of regional management of agricultural production areas. Based on these results, we discuss the relationships between local stakeholders, public policies, and potential organizational restructurings to understand the challenges of local food resilience, production modes, and the permeabilities between urban and rural systems in preserving these agricultural production spaces. Finally, we draw conclusions about the future of these agricultural zones.
Keywords: Gouvernance, terres agricoles, conflit, économie régionale, Île-de-France, Governance, agricultural lands, conflict, regional economy, Île-de-France
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3302.More information
A retranslation by two translators of Federico García Lorca's Poet in New York (1929-1930) was published by Robert Laffont in 2023, based on the definitive edition of the manuscript. The project has several objectives: to offer the French-speaking readership a version that is in line with the author's wishes; to respect a complex work founded on perplexity and decentering; to translate an enunciation that reflects the crisis of the lyrical subject through a system of subjective impersonality; to develop a modus operandi embracing the tension between different ethos and subjectivities in collaborative retranslation. This article first presents the characteristics of subjective impersonality in the New York poems. Subjectivity in the texts is shared between several enunciative instances and fades or occasionally disappears in impersonal turns of phrase. Such intermittence and polymorphism are essential to the structural polyphony of a collection that gives voice to the crisis of the lyrical subject. A retranslation by two people reinforces the intersubjectivity of poems that are essentially dialogical, as the stylistic analysis of several of the retranslators' choices will seek to demonstrate. The second part of the paper focuses on intersubjective lyrical depersonalization. To accept the other's voice is to recognize the tension between subjectivities, made creative by a translation method that recognizes the complementary skills and roles of each of the translators, and apprehends poetry through their emotions and “touch of madness [duende].” Their legitimacy and respect for each other's subjectivities as co-creators of the translated text also stems from a form of play and the duende needed to integrate differences, in line with the enunciative poetics of the collection. The result is not one common voice but a vocal community, achieved through blending of various emotional, referential, and cognitive materials.
Keywords: Federico García Lorca, retraduction, subjectivité, dialogisme, Federico García Lorca, retranslation, subjectivity, dialogism
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3305.More information
The Covid-19 pandemic was a global shock. In the field of global health, particularly in the Sahel region of Africa, research teams quickly mobilized to participate in the collective effort to better understand the situation to strengthen responses to the pandemic. In a context of dependence on international aid, in that region, global health research is carried out through international partnerships often marked by power issues and strategies detrimental to responsible conduct. Using empirical examples from the Sahel, this article shows the permanence of these practices, which the pandemic has not changed. Although the pandemic was an opportunity for certain (more agile and resilient) research teams to create new scientific collaborations, the absence of a paradigm shift, despite the power of the shock, shows that there is still much to be done to decolonize global health.
Keywords: santé mondiale, recherche, Afrique, Covid-19, décolonisation, éthique, global health, research, Africa, Covid-19, decolonization, ethics
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3306.More information
Although medical conspiracy theories have existed for at least two centuries, they have become more popular and persistent in recent times. This has become a pressing problem for medical practice, as such irrational beliefs may be an obstacle to important medical procedures, such as vaccination. While there is scholarly agreement that the problem of medical conspiracy theories needs to be addressed, there is no consensus on what is the best approach. In this article, we assess some strategies. Although there are risks involved, it is important to engage with medical conspiracy theories and rebut them. However, the proposal to do so as part of “cognitive infiltration” is too risky. Media outlets have a major role to play in the rebuttal of medical conspiracy theories, but it is important for journalists not to politicize this task. Two additional long-term strategies are also necessary: stimulation of critical thinking in education, and empowerment of traditionally marginalized groups.
Keywords: théories du complot médical, hésitation vaccinale, stratégies, infiltration cognitive, médias, medical conspiracy theories, vaccine hesitancy, strategies, cognitive infiltration, media
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3307.More information
Background: The Covid-19 pandemic imposed numerous constraints on medical practice and exacerbated preexisting vulnerabilities in Lebanon's healthcare system, which was already grappling with instability due to concurrent political and economic crises. This situation had a complex impact on the doctor-patient relationship (DPR), with both negative and positive repercussions. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with physicians from various specialties practicing at a tertiary-care center in Lebanon. Our study aimed to 1) explore the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the DPR in Lebanon, and 2) provide recommendations for improving the DPR, healthcare policy, and education. Results: Thematic analysis of the data revealed that the pandemic had varying effects on the DPR. While both physicians and patients seemed to have developed a more favourable perception of the medical profession, communication between them appeared to be challenged by the use of personal protective equipment and patients' concerns about close contact with physicians. The media played a vital role in educating and raising awareness during the pandemic but lacked organization and ethical standards, leading to anticipated fear and confusion among the society. Telemedicine emerged as an alternative means for communication and remote care but faced several obstacles including inadequate internet infrastructure and disruptions to physicians' personal lives. Conclusion: Our qualitative study unveiled the multifaceted impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on perceiving the healthcare system, doctor-patient interactions, and the role of telemedicine in Lebanon, among others. These findings underscore the importance of effective communication in enhancing the DPR, the need to address misinformation on social media, and the imperative for systemic improvements to strengthen the resilience of Lebanon's healthcare system.
Keywords: relation médecin-patient, pandémie de Covid-19, Liban, éthique médicale, étude qualitative, doctor-patient relationship, Covid-19 pandemic, Lebanon, medical ethics, qualitative study
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3308.More information
Even though Brazil has included urban agriculture in its anti-hunger program, the obstacles to its deployment, maintenance, and sustainability are still numerous. Several Brazilian metropolises have drawn up support plans for urban agriculture (UPA) with a view to achieving sustainability objectives without, however, implementing public policies with facilitating effects. The questions this paper attempts to answer are: What margin of maneuver do urban gardeners have to pursue their projects and influence municipal public policies in favor of urban agriculture? What is the future of urban agriculture in Brazilian metropolises? UPA's potential for sustainability has been studied in the metropolitan areas of São Paulo, Florianópolis, and Salvador de Bahia. We argue that the future of UPA in Brazil will depend on the ability of actors to negotiate and shape public policies at the municipal level. The processes of negotiating access to public space on this urban chessboard along with the victories will be analyzed through the theory of social regulation for each locality.
Keywords: Agriculture urbaine, Brésil, politiques publiques, théorie de la régulation, villes durables, Urban agriculture, Brazil, public policies, regulation theory, sustainable cities, Agricultura urbana, Brasil, políticas públicas, teoría de la regulación, ciudades sostenibles
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3309.More information
Judicial procedures for involuntary admission and forced psychiatric treatment have been on the rise over the past 15 years in Quebec, as well as across Global North countries. Research reveals that these judicial practices tend to target marginalized social groups and are characterized by the violation of their judicial and civil rights. Judicial ethnographies have highlighted the multi-judicialization of individuals subject to such procedures, in the mental health area, as well as in others such as criminal law and youth protection. These ethnographies also documented the content of court proceedings, which were focused on the socio-economic conditions of the involved individuals, rather than on the law. Based on these inductively analyzed ethnographic fields, this article describes how, in the context of social distance between judges and defendants, civil and administrative justice in the mental health area is exercised on the basis of an indefinite risk deeply rooted in a stereotyped conception of gender and race.
Keywords: Justice civile, justice administrative, classe sociale, genre, race, intersectionnalité, Civil justice, administrative justice, social class, gender, race, intersectionality, Justicia civil, justicia administrativa, clase social, género, raza, interseccionalidad
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3310.More information
In Quebec, people aged between 50 and 64 are the group most at risk of suicide. However, few studies have looked specifically at the impact of a parent's suicide in this age group on their children. Yet those bereaved by a family suicide are at high risk of repeating the act. The aim of the present qualitative study was to identify what characterizes the experience of those bereaved by the suicide of a parent aged between 50 and 64. Participants (n = 14) were on average 23 years old (range 10-34) at the time of the loss. Thematic analysis of the semi-structured interviews revealed 5 main themes: (1) shock and disorganization; (2) adaptation and change; (3) intergenerational transmission of suicide; (4) social challenges; and (5) perception of aging and medical aid in dying as a solution. The results highlight that the participants are grappling with the same issues as all suicide bereaved, but are concerned about the intergenerational transmission of suicide. Furthermore, it appears that negative perceptions of aging are a theme unique to suicide bereavement of a parent in this age group. Indeed, many bereaved would consider medical aid in dying as a potential solution to the problems of advancing age.
Keywords: deuil, suicide, famille, vieillissement, aide médicale à mourir, bereavement, suicide, family, aging, medical aid in dying, duelo, suicidio, familia, envejecimiento, ayuda médica para morir