Documents found
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3441.More information
The sociology of collective beliefs is a little discussed sub-discipline in France. Gérald Bronner, whose specialty it is, is in line with Max Weber-Raymond Boudon and intends to add the contribution of cognitive sciences to produce a cognitive sociology that aims to be rationalist. However, some perceive it above all as a form of scientific activism or neo-scientism. In this, we will see that it is out of step with the different methodological postures of sociologists of religions or other researchers. It also raises the thorny question of the relationship between social sciences and cognitive sciences. This article contains many quotes from interviews with Bronner on these topics.
Keywords: Gérald Bronner, sociologie des croyances collectives, sociologie des religions, sciences cognitives, rationalisme, individualisme méthodologique, agnosticisme méthodologique, militantisme scientifique, Gérald Bronner, Sociology of Collective Beliefs, Sociology of Religions, Cognitive Sciences, Rationalism, Methodological Individualism, Methodological Agnosticism, Science Activism
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3443.More information
The literature presents a portrait of the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) by persons with intellectual disability (ID). However, the evolution of ICT use among these individuals over time is not documented. The objective of this study is to trace the evolution of adults with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) who participated in a training program on the use of the iPad for 12 months. The results show an evolution in the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) among all participants, regardless of their initial level of familiarity. In addition, with appropriate support, people with ID can develop their digital autonomy and thus be more self-determined in their use of ICTs.
Keywords: technologie de l'information et de la communication (TIC), trisomie 21, déficience intellectuelle, adultes, trajectoire d'apprentissages, programme de formation, information and communication technology (ICT), down syndrome, intellectual disabilities, adults, learning trajectory, training program
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3445.More information
The advancement of knowledge about life on the planet—its origins, preservation, and loss of species and environments—is dependent on access and reference to library collections. The Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) is a global digital library that serves the biodiversity research community, as well as a widening circle of those interested in learning more about life. Through an international consortium of natural history and botanical libraries and in close collaboration with researchers, bioinformaticians, publishers, and information technology professionals, BHL has democratized access to biodiversity information and revolutionized research worldwide, allowing everyone, everywhere to study and explore life on Earth.
Keywords: biodiversity, open access, open data, natural history, digital libraries, science
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3446.More information
This article aims to examine the contemporary transformation of the individual, pushed to the limits of narcissism, in light of a theory of the crisis of the political subject affecting postmodern societies. Following a perspective supported by various authors, it seeks to shed light on the social changes that mark the emergence of a new type of subjectivity. The thesis can be summarized in this simple statement: we are transitioning from a modern society centered around the democratic ideal of the autonomous citizen to a post-political one, where individuals retreat into their narcissistic particularities, giving way to a predominantly capitalist regulation of the social sphere. The article is divided in three parts. The first part aims, with the assistance of psychoanalysis and Michel Freitag's sociology, to uncover the foundations of the social subject, providing an anthropology rooted in the recognition of the symbolic third party. The second part focuses on outlining a typology of the modern political subject. According to Durkheimian thought, the specificity of this subject lies in the citizen's connection to a democratic nation, in contrast to the abstract universalism that attempts to reduce political modernity. This particular interpretation of modern subjectivity, which could be described as “republican,” leads us to contrast it, in the final part, with the figure described by the psychoanalyst Jean-Pierre Lebrun as the “neo-subject.” This neo-subject is the narcissistic individual incapable of identifying as an actor in a political community, a product of the atomizing logic of technocapitalist postmodernity that undermines the institutional foundations of subjectification.
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3448.More information
This article explores the relationship between digital environments and adverse mental health effects. I begin by operationalizing key terms including social media and loneliness, before moving to relevant literature on social media use and mental health. Next, I unpack R.D. Laing’s notion of confirmation and disconfirmation, which serves as a backdrop for thinking through online social interaction. Finally, putting Burke in conversation with Laing, I discuss the role that embodiment plays in social presence and argue that experiences of loneliness may be, contrary to claims by social media firms and techno-enthusiasts, heavily influenced by the inevitable disconfirmation that occurs in digitally mediated communication environments.
Keywords: social media, loneliness, R.D. Laing, Kenneth Burke, confirmation
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3450.More information
Although the study of moral judgment has gained in popularity in the field of psychology in recent years, little research has focused on confidentiality dilemmas in the context of moral judgment. Yet clinicians regularly face such dilemmas, which often arise in emotionally charged contexts. This study assesses the role of emotions in responses to these confidentiality dilemmas. A total of 186 participants studying psychology at different universities in Quebec were randomly assigned to one of three groups in an experimental design (dramatic audio modality, neutral audio modality, text modality) and responded to confidentiality dilemmas by choosing between protecting or lifting confidentiality. Also taken into consideration were participants' positioning on a continuum ranging from deontology to utilitarianism, based on their response to sacrificial dilemmas. The hierarchical multiple linear regression model used indicates a significant contribution from responses to sacrificial dilemmas, perceived emotional intensity of confidentiality dilemmas and training obtained in the field of ethics and deontology. The analysis further reveals the moderating effect of exposure to the experimental condition on the relationship between the tendency towards utilitarianism and the propensity to waive confidentiality in a psychotherapeutic relationship. These results have practical implications for psychology curricula, where situation scenarios with ecological validity could enhance ethics training.
Keywords: jugement moral, confidentialité, dilemmes moraux, tonalité émotionnelle, levée de la confidentialité, moral judgment, confidentiality, moral dilemmas, emotional tone, lifting confidentiality