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Through the longitudinal case study of the French startup 1083 which manufactures and sells jeans and shoes “Made in France” and which adopted an effectual logic during its creation, we seek to answer the following question: how can the crowdsourcing impact an effectual process of creating and developing a business? For that, we first define the motivations of the crowdsourcing during the creation stage, then during the development of the company, but also we analyze the consequences of crowdsourcing on the company's management. We identify two new reasons that motivated the company for crowdsourcing: consumer education and the influence the company can have on its partners. We also show that there is a close link between the effectual logic of creating and developing a business and crowdsourcing. On the one hand, these two phenomena reinforce each other and on the other hand, the process of carrying out imposes a coconstruction of the entrepreneurial project with several stakeholders. We also find that, even if the crowd participates in the creation of value for the company, the consequences of its involvement can become binding for the manager.

Keywords: Appel à la foule, Effectuation, PME, Crowdsourcing, Effectuation, SME, Participación colectiva, Efectuación, PyME

Since their appearance in the mid-nineteenth century, program notes, sometimes containing detailed information on the works that are to be performed, have continued to meet a wide range of audiences needs during concerts, such as: providing intelligible tools for laymen and laywomen to decipher while arousing the curiosity of well-informed listeners. In the age of Internet and Social media, these music appreciation tools, which fall within what we may call “practical” musicology, are evolving more than ever. They offer significant improvement in terms of audio and visual content, but raise some questions concerning the actual role that symphonic orchestras in particular are willing to see them play. In this article we will try to respond to this new reality through a series of concrete examples of music appreciation tools, including some which were produced in the context of a project we conducted in partnership with the Orchestre symphonique de Montréal.

Keywords: guides d'écoute, Internet, médiation, notes de programme, réseaux sociaux, Internet, listening guides, music appreciation, program notes, social media

The use of large online discussion forums within online and distance learning continues to grow. Recent innovations in online learning such as the MOOC (massive open online course) and concomitant growth in the use of online media for the delivery of courses in traditional campus based universities provide both opportunity and challenge for online tutors and learners alike. The recognition of the role that online tutors and student identity plays in the field of retention and progression of distance learners is also well documented in the field of distance learning. Focusing on a course forum linked to a single Level 2 undergraduate module and open to over 1,000 students, this ideographic case study, set in a large distance learning university, uses qualitative methodology to examine the extent to which participation in a large forum can be considered within community of practice (COP) frameworks and contributes to feelings of efficacy, student identity, and motivation. The paper draws on current theory pertaining to online communities and examines this in relation to the extent to which the forum adds to feelings of academic and social integration. The study concludes that although the large forum environment facilitates a certain degree of academic integration and identity there is evidence that it also presents a number of barriers producing negative effects on student motivation and online identity.

Keywords: online forums, online identities, online learning, higher education, e-learning

“This is me” we tend to say about photographs of ourselves—which is remarkable given that the image with which we identify is a two-dimensional visual taken from a very specific moment in our past. And yet the image is interpreted as an icon or an index of our present being. The problem of seeing similarity where there is difference seems to be increasing with the rise of hobby models—a niche demographic made up of mostly women between the age of 16 and 40, who enjoy posing for the camera even if they aren’t getting paid for it. This paper investigates the social and psychological motivations behind hobby modelling in the German-speaking context.

Keywords: identity, image, portrait, photography

Drawing on interviews with 204 participants in two studies of privately sponsored refugee resettlement in Ontario, Canada, we explore the resettlement effects of pre-arrival contact on the interactional dynamics between private sponsors and privately sponsored Syrian refugees. Those who had regular pre-arrival contact via digital applications such as Facebook, Skype, and Whatsapp reported more positive, “successful” resettlement experiences than those who had not. This pre-arrival interactive dynamic has theoretical/conceptual implications beyond an understanding of the benefits of “information exchange.” Pre-arrival sponsor-sponsored interaction is not bound by the contexts of displacement or resettlement, but constitutes a “third space” of reception, co-created through trusted contact. We develop the concept of “resettlement knowledge assets” and report on how these assets emerge through pre-arrival trust building, modify the resettlement expectations of both sponsors and sponsored, and reduce resettlement uncertainty.

Keywords: numérisation de l'art

Keywords: experimentation

Keywords: net art.