Documents found
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151.More information
During the war, the accumulation of tensions, anguish and collective traumas form a "breeding ground" most conducive to the birth and proliferation of false news, rumors and legends. The first of them, spy mania, explodes in the first hours of the conflict. The home front becomes the scene of a veritable jingoistic outburst, leading many civilians to relentlessly hunt down this "enemy from within" demonized by propaganda focusing on German barbarism. In Brittany, this psychosis was cleverly prepared by pre-war publications denouncing the presence on the coast of a "vanguard of the German army". In this context, rumors and fantastic gossip abound and create suspicion towards anything that seems strange. These elements of false news, sometimes relayed by newspapers, are mainly spread orally, through wounded soldiers on leave or even refugees. They generally pass through the main communication crossroads, especially train stations. Thus, fed with rumors and legends, the population of the home front is actively involved in the hunt for spies, often degenerating into vengeful and irrational popular violence all the more embarrassing for the authorities that, as in this case, these spies are simply imaginary.
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152.More information
From 1970, in France, hundreds of ecocidal infrastructure projects led by the State, local government or/and private actors were abandonned due to local mobilisations. The aim of this article is to describe the morphology of these territorial ecological victories. To do this, a database of mobilisations considered successful by environmental activists was compiled from a newspaper review, archives and interviews. Its analysis shows that the main successful conflicts concerned "small projects" requiring a diversity of activists and tactics. The history of these victories calls into question the common idea of an environmentalist ebb in the 1990s and helps us understand their effects on the construction of a broad social movement. Finally, the article looks at the notion of victory, its effects and what happens to activists once a cause has been won.
Keywords: écologie politique, victoire, mouvement social, militantisme écologiste, political ecology, victory, social movement, green activism
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153.More information
AbstractThis analysis deals with the different forms of logic that drive a family when it needs to take into consideration both filial and legal obligations. The cases studied deal with situations where the rules of operation laid down by public authorities result in children taking a large number of business decisions on behalf of their lineal ascendants. Purely family arrangements then have to give way to the transparency requirements imposed by the public registry with regard to statements of account. The result is that many children end up by taking over the handling of monetary affairs, of cheques and bankcards. This happens all the more frequently due to the number of warnings issued to elderly people, telling them to be careful and to protect the assets and cash that they keep in their homes. This preoccupation with streamlining and protection embraces the neighbouring safety net of friends and relations, is reinforced by public transparency requirements and takes little account of private values and concerns for confidentiality. In such a context, handicapped people may find themselves deprived of means of exchange and of any way of ensuring that they have enough money left to live on.
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154.More information
Abstract The circumstances of women who overwhelmingly populate the category of “dependent elderly” is close to that of the women who care for them, either as kin or service providers. A number of recent programmes in France have both reduced employment protections and encouraged women then to take up domestic work. The Prestation spécifique dépendance is one such measure. It allows some dependent elderly persons to employ their daughters. The effects of this “kin-based wage-earning” are examined, by exploring the ways in which they effect three types of informal care. The primary finding is that there is a powerful tendency to bring daughters home, in particular when they find themselves unemployed or employed in the least skilled personal services.
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157.More information
AbstractIt is often claimed that proper names are not translated. This is clearly not the case for names of institutions, which often have official equivalents in various foreign languages, but there seems to be a lack of discussion on the principles which govern this translation. The following study intends to provide some guidelines for translating names of institutions, derived from the observation of current practice, particularly in Europe. Using the Internet as a megacorpus, translations of institutions (political, economic and educational) were examined on an international and European, national, regional (and – for France – departmental) and local level. It appears that the international level is the most and the local the least systematic in both providing translation or not, and in the form this translation takes. A series of recommendations are put forward for local institutions contemplating a translation of their names.
Keywords: international, national, noms d'institutions, nom propre, régional
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159.More information
Keywords: sociologie, emballage, tourisme, marketing, attachement
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160.More information
AbstractThis paper investigates urban conflicts that took place in the Quebec City metropolitan area between 1990 and 2000. Analyses show that some population groups are more disposed than others to get involved in conflict activity. They also stress that there are specific built environments which are more prone than others to generating such activity. Statistical analysis of seven variables related to social and urban contexts shows that the frequency of conflicts is greater, on the one hand, in areas where small shop density is the highest and buildings are the oldest, and on the other, where the population has high levels of education and a flexible work schedule. Analyses considering what is at stake present similar results, except on two points. First, conflicts with environmental stakes do not appear to be linked to a particular level of education or a flexible work schedule. Thus even if population density shows statistical independence from all variables when the conflicts are considered as a whole, it appears specifically dependent with respect to conflicts involving transportation or social stakes.
Keywords: conflits urbains, enjeux urbains, contextes urbains, analyse spatiale, aide à la décision territoriale, urban conflicts, urban stakes, urban contexts, spatial analysis, territorial decision processes